1996 JTR(SC) 528
1996 AIR(SC) 3069 ; 1996 AIR(SCW) 1493 ; 1996 2 CCC(SC) 43 ; 1996 1 CTC 523 ; 1996 2 CurCC(SC) 43 ; 1996 DNJ 231 ; 1996 73 FLR 1009 ; 1996 3 JT 567 ; 1996 2 KLT(SN) 18 ; 1996 2 LLJ 430 ; 1996 2 LLN 51 ; 1996 2 RLW(Raj) 34 ; 1996 2 RSJ 391 ; 1996 3 Scale 7 ; 1996 3 SCC 463 ; 1996 SCC(L&S) 749 ; 1996 3 SCR 211 ; 1996 2 SCT 596 ; 1996 2 SLR 521 ; 1996 2 UJ 100 ; 1996 4 UPLBEC 2903 ; 1996 3 Supreme 245
1996(3) Supreme 245
SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
K. Ramaswamy & G.B. Pattanaik, JJ.
The State of Maharashtra & Anr. -Appellants
versus
Shri Prabhakar Bhikaji Ingle -Respondent
Civil Appeal No. 4505 of 1996
(Arising out of SLP (C) No. 964/96)
Decided on 11-3-1996
IMPORTANT POINT
Once Supreme Court confirmed the Order passed by the Tribunal by dismissed of SLP even by non-speeking orders can not have any power to review that order.
Act
Referred
:CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE : S.11, O.47 R.1
CONSTITUTION OF INDIA : Art.141, Art.136
A) Relevant laws and sections are not explicitly cited in the judgment.
B) A Tribunal lacks the power to review its own order once the same has been confirmed by the Supreme Court; the principle of res judicata does not apply to non-speaking orders of dismissal but judicial discipline prevents re-examination after a final confirmation.
Facts of the case:
The respondent filed an appeal against an order of removal from service under Article 311(2)(b) of the Constitution before the Maharashtra Administrative Tribunal, which was dismissed by the Supreme Court. The Tribunal later reviewed and set aside its order of dismissal after receiving communication of the Supreme Courts dismissal.
Findings of Court:
The Tribunal exceeded its jurisdiction by reviewing a confirmed order; such review is deleterious to judicial discipline and not permissible.
Issues:
Whether a Tribunal can review its own order after it has been dismissed and confirmed by the Supreme Court.
Ratio Decidendi:
Once the Supreme Court confirms a Tribunal order, it becomes final and the Tribunal cannot exercise review power, as it undermines judicial discipline.
Result:
The review order is set aside and the appeal is allowed without costs.
A) Relevant laws and sections are not explicitly cited in the judgment.
B) A Tribunal lacks the power to review its own order once the same has been confirmed by the Supreme Court; the principle of res judicata does not apply to non-speaking orders of dismissal but judicial discipline prevents re-examination after a final confirmation.
Facts of the case:
The respondent filed an appeal against an order of removal from service under Article 311(2)(b) of the Constitution before the Maharashtra Administrative Tribunal, which was dismissed by the Supreme Court. The Tribunal later reviewed and set aside its order of dismissal after receiving communication of the Supreme Courts dismissal.
Findings of Court:
The Tribunal exceeded its jurisdiction by reviewing a confirmed order; such review is deleterious to judicial discipline and not permissible.
Issues:
Whether a Tribunal can review its own order after it has been dismissed and confirmed by the Supreme Court.
Ratio Decidendi:
Once the Supreme Court confirms a Tribunal order, it becomes final and the Tribunal cannot exercise review power, as it undermines judicial discipline.
Result:
The review order is set aside and the appeal is allowed without costs.
ORDER
Leave granted.
We have heard the counsel on both sides. Admittedly, the respondent had filed O.A. No. 1169/93 in the Maharashtra Administrative Tribunal, Bombay Bench against the order passed by the Commissioner of Police, Bombay removing him from service. The Commissioner had exercised his power under Article 311(2)(b) of the Constitution holding that in the circumstances it was not practicable to conduct an enquiry against the respondent. That order came to be confirmed by the Tribunal dismissing the O.A. on March 6, 1995. Against that, the respondent filed SLP(C) No. 11433/95 which was dismissed by this Court on 25.8.95. Pending the SLP, the respondent filed a review application in the Tribunal. The Tribunal after receipt of the order passed by this Court dismissing the SLP, by the impugned order dated 2.11.95 reviewed the order and set aside the order of dismissal. Thus this appeal by special leave.
2. It is contended for the respondent that the dismissal of the SLP does not preclude the Tribunal from reviewing the order since the dismissal was a non-speaking order. We fail to appreciate the contention of the respondent. It is true that this Court has held that the dismissal of SLP without speaking order does not constitute res judicata. The principle of res judicata is founded on public policy that the parties cannot be permitted to have the controversy directly or substantially in issue between the same parties or those claiming under the parties in the subsequent suit in the same proceedings in the subsequent stages cannot be raised once over. It is sound principle of public policy to prevent vexation.
3. But in this case, when the self-same main order was confirmed by this Court, the question arises whether the Tribunal has had power under Order 47, Rule 1 CPC or any other appropriate provision under the Tribunals Act to review the orders passed by it and confirmed by this Court by refusing to grant leave. We find that the exercise of the review power is deleterious to the judicial discipline. Once this Court has confirmed the order passed by the Tribunal, that becomes final. Therefore, the Tribunal cannot have any power to review the previous order which stands merged with the order passed by this Court.
4. It is next contended by the learned counsel for the respondent that though the Tribunal was communicated with the order of this Court dated 25.8.95, it has thereafter passed the order. It would mean that though it had the knowledge of dismissal of the order passed by this Court, the Tribunal has exercised the power of review and that, therefore, it cannot be said to be illegal. We are wholly unable to appreciate the contention of the learned counsel. We could appreciate that if the Tribunal had no knowledge of dismissal of the SLP it might, in certain circumstances, review its earlier order, e.g., if it was found that the order was vitiated by any manifest error of law apparent on the face of the record. But having received the communication that this Court has already upheld its order, the Tribunal s exercise of power can be said to be audacious and without any judicial discipline. Under those circumstances, we do not think that the Tribunal is justified in reviewing its own order when this Court had confirmed the order passed earlier.
5. The appeal is accordingly allowed. The review order is set aside. But in the circumstances without costs.
Appeal allowed.
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