1998 JTR(SC) 730
1998 AIR(SC) 3038 ; 1998 AIR(SCW) 2897 ; 1998 AIR(SCW) 651 ; 1998 AllLJ 2159 ; 1998 3 AWC 2373 ; 1998 2 CLR 857 ; 1999 94 FJR 36 ; 1998 80 FLR 389 ; 1998 6 JT 55 ; 1998 16 LCD 1278 ; 1998 LIC 3489 ; 1998 2 LLJ 799 ; 1998 4 LLN 639 ; 1999 RLR 56 ; 1999 1 RLW(Raj) 92 ; 1998 5 Scale 1 ; 1998 6 SCC 651 ; 1998 SCC(L&S) 1635 ; 1998 3 SCR 939 ; 1998 4 SCT 162 ; 1998 5 SLR 43 ; 1998 3 UPLBEC 2019 ; 1998 KHC 1141 ; 1998 6 Supreme 587
1998(6) Supreme 587
Supreme Court of India
(From Allahabad High Court)
S. Saghir Ahmad & G.B. Pattanaik, JJ.
State of U.P. -Appellant
versus
Shatrughan Lal & Anr. -Respondents
Civil Appeal No. 2469 of 1982
Decided on 30-7-1998
Counsel for the Parties :
For the Appellant : T.N. Singh & R.B. Misra, Advocates.
For the Respondents : Dharam Bir Vohra, Advocate.
Important Point
Where documents mentioned in charge sheet were not supplied to delinquent nor any offer was made to him to inspect those document and despite request copies of statement recorded during preliminary inquiry was not supplied to him entire departmental proceedings stood vitiated.
Act Referred :SERVICE LAW : .
(A) The principles of natural justice applicable under the Service Law mandate that a person facing departmental action must be afforded an effective opportunity to defend, which includes the right to inspect and challenge the evidence, particularly where the charge-sheet relies on preliminary inquiry statements. The failure to supply copies of the documents indicated in the charge-sheet or to provide an opportunity to inspect the records, especially when the preliminary inquiry statements form the basis of the charges, vitiates the proceedings as a denial of fair procedure.
(B) Key legal principles include the right to a fair hearing, the requirement of effective opportunity to defend, the necessity of supplying or allowing inspection of documents relied upon, and the invalidation of departmental orders where natural justice is violated.
Facts of the case:
The respondent, a Lekhpal in state service, was dismissed following a departmental inquiry. The charge-sheet did not include copies of supporting documents, and the respondent was not allowed to inspect the records. He was called to reply to the charge-sheet without having access to the evidence. The preliminary inquiry was conducted in his absence, and the statements recorded were not supplied to him.
Findings of Court:
The Tribunal found that the documents proposed in the charge-sheet were not supplied to the respondent, and he was denied the opportunity to inspect them. It held that the departmental proceedings were bad in law due to this denial of a fair hearing, and the non-supply of preliminary inquiry statements prejudiced his defence.
Issues:
Whether the denial of copies of documents and opportunity to inspect the records, coupled with the conduct of preliminary inquiry in the absence of the respondent, rendered the departmental proceedings illegal and void.
Ratio Decidendi:
A departmental inquiry that fails to provide the accused with copies of, or access to inspect, documents relied upon in the charge-sheet, and that proceeds on the basis of statements recorded without affording the accused an opportunity to defend, violates natural justice and renders the order illegal and void.
Result:
The appeal was dismissed, upholding the Tribunal's order that restored the respondent to service.
(A) The principles of natural justice applicable under the Service Law mandate that a person facing departmental action must be afforded an effective opportunity to defend, which includes the right to inspect and challenge the evidence, particularly where the charge-sheet relies on preliminary inquiry statements. The failure to supply copies of the documents indicated in the charge-sheet or to provide an opportunity to inspect the records, especially when the preliminary inquiry statements form the basis of the charges, vitiates the proceedings as a denial of fair procedure.
(B) Key legal principles include the right to a fair hearing, the requirement of effective opportunity to defend, the necessity of supplying or allowing inspection of documents relied upon, and the invalidation of departmental orders where natural justice is violated.
Facts of the case:
The respondent, a Lekhpal in state service, was dismissed following a departmental inquiry. The charge-sheet did not include copies of supporting documents, and the respondent was not allowed to inspect the records. He was called to reply to the charge-sheet without having access to the evidence. The preliminary inquiry was conducted in his absence, and the statements recorded were not supplied to him.
Findings of Court:
The Tribunal found that the documents proposed in the charge-sheet were not supplied to the respondent, and he was denied the opportunity to inspect them. It held that the departmental proceedings were bad in law due to this denial of a fair hearing, and the non-supply of preliminary inquiry statements prejudiced his defence.
Issues:
Whether the denial of copies of documents and opportunity to inspect the records, coupled with the conduct of preliminary inquiry in the absence of the respondent, rendered the departmental proceedings illegal and void.
Ratio Decidendi:
A departmental inquiry that fails to provide the accused with copies of, or access to inspect, documents relied upon in the charge-sheet, and that proceeds on the basis of statements recorded without affording the accused an opportunity to defend, violates natural justice and renders the order illegal and void.
Result:
The appeal was dismissed, upholding the Tribunal's order that restored the respondent to service.
Judgment
S. Saghir Ahmad, J.-The respondent who was a Lekhpal in the service of the State Government, was dismissed from service after a regular departmental inquiry. The order of dismissal was challenged before the U.P. Public Services Tribunal which, by its judgment dated 13.3.81, allowed the claim petition with the findings that the departmental proceedings conducted against the respondent as also the order dated 28.2.77 by which he was removed from service were illegal and void. The State of U.P. then filed a writ petition in the High Court which was dismissed summarily on 4.2.82.
2. We have heard learned counsel for the parties. The Tribunal has found as a fact that copies of the documents which were proposed in the charge-sheet to be produced in the department proceedings as proof in support of articles of charges were not supplied to the respondent. This finding was based on the own admission of the appellant in the written statement that the copies of the documents mentioned in the charge-sheet were not supplied to the respondent which could be inspected by him at any time. The Tribunal further found that the copies of the statement recorded during the preliminary inquiry on the basis of which the charges wee subsequently framed against the respondent were also not supplied to him. It was, on these two grounds that it was held by the Tribunal that the inquiry proceedings were bad in law.
3. These findings are assailed before us by the counsel for the State of U.P.
4. Now, one of the principles of natural justice is that a person against whom an action is proposed to be taken has to be given an opportunity of hearing. This opportunity has to be an effective opportunity and not a mere pretence. In departmental proceedings where charge-sheet is issued and the documents which are proposed to be utilised against that person are indicated in the charge sheet but copies thereof are not supplied to him in spite of his request, and he is, at the same time, called upon to submit his reply, it cannot be said that an effective opportunity to defend was provided to him. (See : Chandrama Tewari v. Union of India1; Kashinath Dikshita v. Union of India & Ors.2; State of Uttar Pradesh v. Mohd. Sharif3).
5. In High Court of Punjab & Haryana v. Amrik Singh4, it was indicated that the delinquent officer must be supplied copies of documents relied upon in support of the charges. It was further indicated that if the documents are voluminous and copies cannot be supplied, then such officer must be given an opportunity to inspect the same, or else, the principles of natural justice would be violated.
6. Preliminary inquiry which is conducted invariably on the back of the delinquent employee may, often, constitute the whole basis of the charge-sheet. Before a person is, therefore, called upon to submit his reply to the charge sheet, he must, on a request made by him in that behalf, be supplied the copies of the statements of witnesses recorded during the preliminary enquiry particularly if those witnesses are proposed to be examined at the departmental trial. This principle was reiterated in Kashinath Dikshita v. Union of India & Ors. (supra), wherein it was also laid down that this lapse would vitiate the departmental proceedings unless it was shown and established as a fact that non-supply of copies of those documents had not caused any prejudice to the delinquent in his defence.
7. Applying the above principles to the instant case, it will be seen that the copies of the documents which were indicated in the charge sheet to be relied upon as proof in support of articles of charges were not supplied to the respondent nor was any offer made to him to inspect those documents.
8. Learned counsel appearing for the appellant has contended that the opportunity to inspect the documents was, as a matter of fact, provided to him as set out in Paragraph 10 of the written statement filed before the Tribunal, in which, it was, inter alia, indicated as under :
“The petitioner was required to reply to the charge within a period of 15 days from the date of receipt of charge sheet and not from the date of order as alleged in the petition. It is no doubt correct that the copies of the documents mentioned in the charge sheet purporting to substantiate a particular charge, were not supplied to the petitioner because it was not necessary and the petitioner had every right to inspect them at any time. It is, therefore, wrong to say that the petitioner was greatly handicapped for want of the copies of the documents mentioned above.”
This paragraph of the written statement contains an admission of the appellant that copies of the documents specified in the charge sheet were not supplied to the respondent as the respondent had every right to inspect them at any time. This assertion clearly indicates that although it is admitted that the copies of the documents were not supplied to the respondent and although he had the right to inspect those documents, neither were the copies given to him nor were the records made available to him for inspection. If the appellant did not intend to give copies of the documents to the respondent, it should have been indicated to the respondent in writing that he may inspect those documents. Merely saying that the respondent could have inspected the documents at any time is not enough. He has to be informed that the documents, of which the copies were asked for by him may be inspected. The access to record must be assured to him.
9. It has also been found that during the course of the preliminary enquiry, a number of witnesses were examined against the respondent in his absence, and rightly so, as the delinquents are not associated in the preliminary enquiry, and thereafter the charge sheet was drawn up. The copies of those statements, though asked for by the respondent, were not supplied to him. Since there was a failure on the part of the appellant in this regard too, the Tribunal was justified in coming to the conclusion that the principles of natural justice were violated and the respondent was not afforded an effective opportunity of hearing, particularly as the appellant failed to establish that non-supply of the copies of statements recorded during preliminary enquiry had not caused any prejudice to the respondent in defending himself.
For the reasons stated above, the appeal has no merits and is, therefore, dismissed, but without any order as to costs.
(C.R.)
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