2000 JTR(SC) 517
2000 AIR(SC) 1190 ; 2000 AIR(SCW) 821 ; 2000 3 ALD(SC) 33 ; 2000 2 AWC 1347 ; 2000 1 CLR 931 ; 2000 1 CLT(SC) 394 ; 2000 96 FJR 404 ; 2000 85 FLR 171 ; 2000 3 JT 147 ; 2000 2 KLT(SN) 11 ; 2000 LIC 1023 ; 2000 1 LLJ 1101 ; 2000 2 LLN 72 ; 2000 2 MLJ 132 ; 2000 2 MPHT 145 ; 2000 2 Scale 284 ; 2000 3 SCC 185 ; 2000 SCC(L&S) 326 ; 2000 3 SCJ 112 ; 2000 2 SCR 165 ; 2000 2 SCT 254 ; 2000 2 SLR 15 ; 2000 2 SLT 598 ; 2000 1 UJ 718 ; 2000 2 UPLBEC 1812 ; 2000 2 Supreme 176
2000(2) Supreme 176
SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
(From Punjab and Haryana High Court)
S.B. Majmudar, S.N. Phukan & Y.K. Sabharwal, JJ.
M/s. Whirlpool of India Ltd. -Appellant
versus
Employees State Insurance Corporation -Respondent
Civil Appeal No. 1983 of 2000
(Arising out of SLP (C) No. 4029 of 1999)
Decided on 8-3-2000
Counsel for the Parties :
For the Appellant : Ashok H. Desai, Sr. Advocate, Ms. Meera Mathur, O.C. Mathur, Jaswant Singh, S. Sukumaran, Dinesh Mathur, D.N. Misra, Advocates.
For the Respondent : V.J. Francis, Advocate.
Act Referred :EMPLOYEES STATE INSURANCE CORPORATION ACT : S.2(2)(2), S.2(22)
(A) The Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948, read with the definition of 'wages' under Section 2(22), distinguishes between remuneration payable as part of the contract of employment under the first part of the definition and additional remuneration payable at intervals not exceeding two months under the last part. Section 2(22) requires that for any payment to qualify as wages, it must either fall under the first part (contractual remuneration) or, if falling under the third part (additional remuneration), must be actually paid at intervals not exceeding two months. The Production Incentive Scheme in this case does not satisfy either limb, as the incentive is neither contractual nor paid within the prescribed bi-monthly timeframe.
(B) Key legal principles include: (i) wages must be payable under the contract of employment or be additional remuneration paid at intervals not exceeding two months; (ii) actual payment within the stipulated period is essential under the last part of Section 2(22); (iii) voluntary or scheme-based incentives paid quarterly do not attract the definition of wages; (iv) Courts must not rewrite definitions even to prevent possible misuse; and (v) only payments falling within the strict terms of Section 2(22) can attract contributions under the Act.
Facts of the case:
The appellant, a factory, operates a Production Incentive Scheme wherein workers are paid production incentive in addition to normal wages. For Employees' State Insurance contribution purposes, the appellant contended that these incentive payments do not constitute 'wages' under the Act and are paid quarterly. The Employees Insurance Corporation contested this, issuing a demand for contributions, which was initially quashed by the Employees Insurance Court but later allowed by the High Court.
Findings of Court:
The High Court held that the production incentive is calculated based on extra work done each month but paid quarterly to avoid contributions, and therefore does not fall under the first or third part of the definition of wages. The Supreme Court agrees, noting that the payments are neither contractual nor made at intervals of two months or less, and actual quarterly payments place them outside the scope of 'wages'.
Issues:
Whether production incentive paid under the Production Incentive Scheme qualifies as 'wages' within Section 2(22) of the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948, and whether quarterly payments can be treated as satisfying the requirement of payment at intervals not exceeding two months.
Ratio Decidendi:
Since the production incentive is not payable under the contract of employment and is paid at quarterly intervals exceeding two months, it does not fall within the definition of 'wages' under either the first or the last part of Section 2(22) of the Act, rendering the demand for contributions non-maintainable.
Result:
The appeal is allowed, the High Court order is set aside, and the order of the Employees Insurance Court quashing the demand is restored.
(A) The Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948, read with the definition of 'wages' under Section 2(22), distinguishes between remuneration payable as part of the contract of employment under the first part of the definition and additional remuneration payable at intervals not exceeding two months under the last part. Section 2(22) requires that for any payment to qualify as wages, it must either fall under the first part (contractual remuneration) or, if falling under the third part (additional remuneration), must be actually paid at intervals not exceeding two months. The Production Incentive Scheme in this case does not satisfy either limb, as the incentive is neither contractual nor paid within the prescribed bi-monthly timeframe.
(B) Key legal principles include: (i) wages must be payable under the contract of employment or be additional remuneration paid at intervals not exceeding two months; (ii) actual payment within the stipulated period is essential under the last part of Section 2(22); (iii) voluntary or scheme-based incentives paid quarterly do not attract the definition of wages; (iv) Courts must not rewrite definitions even to prevent possible misuse; and (v) only payments falling within the strict terms of Section 2(22) can attract contributions under the Act.
Facts of the case:
The appellant, a factory, operates a Production Incentive Scheme wherein workers are paid production incentive in addition to normal wages. For Employees' State Insurance contribution purposes, the appellant contended that these incentive payments do not constitute 'wages' under the Act and are paid quarterly. The Employees Insurance Corporation contested this, issuing a demand for contributions, which was initially quashed by the Employees Insurance Court but later allowed by the High Court.
Findings of Court:
The High Court held that the production incentive is calculated based on extra work done each month but paid quarterly to avoid contributions, and therefore does not fall under the first or third part of the definition of wages. The Supreme Court agrees, noting that the payments are neither contractual nor made at intervals of two months or less, and actual quarterly payments place them outside the scope of 'wages'.
Issues:
Whether production incentive paid under the Production Incentive Scheme qualifies as 'wages' within Section 2(22) of the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948, and whether quarterly payments can be treated as satisfying the requirement of payment at intervals not exceeding two months.
Ratio Decidendi:
Since the production incentive is not payable under the contract of employment and is paid at quarterly intervals exceeding two months, it does not fall within the definition of 'wages' under either the first or the last part of Section 2(22) of the Act, rendering the demand for contributions non-maintainable.
Result:
The appeal is allowed, the High Court order is set aside, and the order of the Employees Insurance Court quashing the demand is restored.
JUDGMENT
Sabharwal, J.-Leave granted.
2. The appellant under a Production Incentive Scheme pays to its workers production incentive at the rates specified in the Scheme besides normal wages. For the purpose of calculating contributions towards Employees State Insurance Fund, the payment of production incentive by the appellant to its workers is not treated by it as wages within the meaning of the term as defined in Section 2(22) of the Employees State Insurance Act, 1948 (for short the Act ). The respondent-Employees State Insurance Corporation (for short the Corporation ) treating the said payment as wages issued a demand to the appellant for payment of contributions towards the Employees State Insurance Fund. This led to filing of an application under Section 75 of the Act by the appellant before Employees Insurance Court challenging the said demand. The said Court allowed the application and quashed the demand. It held that the payment was made quarterly and was not wages under the Act as it did not fall either under the first part of Section 2(22) or under third part thereof. The payment made by the appellant, it was held, did not fall under the first part of the definition of wages as there was no agreement between the appellant and its workers for payment of production incentive and also that it did not fall under the third part of the definition as the actual payment was made quarterly which means at intervals exceeding two months.
3. The appeal filed by the Corporation against the order of the Employees Insurance Court was allowed by a learned Single Judge of the High Court holding that the production incentive was calculated on the basis of the extra work done by the workers in each month but to avoid contribution under the Act, the payment was postponed and was made quarterly. The Letters Patent Appeal of the appellant was dismissed and, therefore, the present appeal.
4. This question for decision is whether payments towards production incentive made by the appellant to its workers under the Production Incentive Scheme falls within the scope and ambit of wages as defined in Section 2(22) of the Act and also the effect of payments being made quarterly i.e. at intervals exceeding two months.
5. The Act is a social legislation enacted to provide benefits to employees in case of sickness, maternity and employment injury and to make a provision for certain other matters in relation thereto. Broadly this is the purpose for which the Corporation has been established under Section 3 of the Act. The main source of the Employees State Insurance Fund is the contributions paid to the Corporation (Section 26). The benefits to be provided to insured persons and others are as provided in Chapter V, in particular, Section 46 thereof. The words and expressions used but not defined in the Act and defined in the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, are to have the meanings respectively assigned to them in the Industrial Disputes Act. Undoubtedly, any provision of which two interpretations may be possible would deserve such construction as would be beneficial to the working class but, at the same time, we cannot give a go by to the plain language of a provision.
6. Under first part of Section 2(22), all the remuneration paid or payable in cash to an employee, if the terms of the contract of employment, express or implied, were fulfilled would be wages . Under this part neither the actual payment nor when the payment is made is of any relevance. The last part of Section 2(22) relates to payment of additional remuneration. The additional remuneration, if any, paid at intervals not exceeding two months and not falling in clauses (a) to (d) would also be wages within the meaning of the term as defined. Under this part of the definition, there has to be payment and not only payability and the payment has to be at intervals not exceeding two months.
7. The High Court while coming to the conclusion that the payment of production incentive to its workers by the appellant is wages within the meaning of the Act has relied upon the decision of this Court in Wellman (India) Pvt. Ltd. v. Employees State Insurance Corporation1 and Modella Woollens Ltd. v. Employees State Insurance Corporation and Anr.2.
8. Wellman s case deals with the attendance bonus payable to the employees under the terms of settlement which became part of contract of employment and was thus held to be remuneration payable under the contract of employment. That fell under the first part of the definition. In this case, it was held that the expression if any paid after the words other additional remuneration will be inconsistent if the remuneration is payable under the contract of employment since such payment is not dependent on the will of the employer but on the fulfillment of the terms of the contract. Every remuneration payable under the contract would fall under the first part of the definition. The payment of Wellman s case fell within the first part of the definition of wages . In the present case, neither Insurance Court nor learned Single Judge nor Division Bench has held that the payment of production incentive was contractual falling within the first part of the definition of wages.
9. In Modella Woollens case also, the payment of production bonus to the employees though made at the end of each quarter was held to be wages as the amount was payable under the agreement. Thus this case too was concerned with the first part of the definition of wages.
10. None of the aforesaid decisions has any applicability to the facts of the present case.
11. In M/s. Harihar Polyfibres v. Regional Director, ESI Corporation3, affirming the Full Bench of the Andhra Pradesh High Court holding that under third part of the definition to constitute wages , it has to be actual factum of payment made at intervals not exceeding two months, House Rent Allowance , Night Shift Allowance , Incentive Allowance and Heat, Gas and Dust Allowance were held to be covered by the definition of wages in Section 2(22). In this case, it was held that for the aforesaid allowances to be covered by definition of wages , it was not necessary that the payments should be in terms of employment.
12. In Handloom House, Ernakulam v. Regional Director, ESI4, it has been held that any additional remuneration paid at intervals exceeding two months has been excluded from the purview of the definition. It is clear that if the amount paid or payable is not remuneration on fulfillment of the terms of employment falling under the first part and is also not covered by the second part of the definition, it would be wages if the payment is made at intervals not exceeding two months.
13. Learned counsel for the respondent made a feeble attempt to contend that the payment in the present case would fall within the first part of definition of wages as there is an implied contract for payment of the said amount. As already noticed, none of the Courts has held that the amount in question was paid or was payable on fulfillment of terms of contract of employment. Further learned counsel fairly conceded that the payment under the scheme cannot be termed a payment under settlement as contemplated by Section 2(p) of the Industrial Disputes Act. It also cannot be held that the payment in question under the scheme would amount to a condition of service requiring compliance of Section 9A of the Industrial Disputes Act for effecting any change in the conditions of service. The payment thus does not fall within the first part of definition of wages .
14. It is evident that the additional remuneration to become wages has to be "paid" at intervals not exceeding two months as distinguished from `being payable . Thus, under the last part there has to be actual payment. The High Court has found that the payment was made quarterly. It is not for us to rewrite the definition of wages even if we assume that there is a possibility of misuse by employers by making the payment at a period exceeding two months and thus circumventing the provisions of the Act. When in the last part of Section 2(22), the word used is `paid , we cannot add the word `payable or other similar expression thereto.
15. In view of the aforesaid, the payment of production incentive, on the facts of present case, does not fall either under the first part or last part of the definition of term wages as defined in Section 2(22) of the Act.
16. For the aforesaid reasons, we allow the appeal and set aside the judgment of the High Court and restore that of Employees Insurance Court. Parties are, however, left to bear their own costs.
(C.R.)
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