2002 JTR(SC) 1243
2003 AIR(SC) 759 ; 2003 AIR(SCW) 174 ; 2003 2 ALD(SC) 84 ; 2003 1 AllCJ 704 ; 2003 2 APLJ 23 ; 2003 3 AWC 2157 ; 2003 2 BBCJ(SC) 58 ; 2003 5 BomCR(SC) 454 ; 2003 2 CHN(SC) 88 ; 2003 1 CTC 186 ; 2003 1 DMC 166 ; 2003 1 DNJ 107 ; 2003 2 ICC 382 ; 2002 10 JT 558 ; 2003 21 LCD 876 ; 2003 2 MhLJ(SC) 529 ; 2003 2 MPLJ 320 ; 2003 1 PLJ 48 ; 2002 9 Scale 616 ; 2003 1 SCC 557 ; 2002 SCR 491 ; 2003 1 WBLR 305 ; 2003 KHC 776 ; 2003 1 KLT(Online) 1160 ; 2003 1 Supreme 433
2003(1) Supreme 433
SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
(From Madhya Pradesh High Court)
Syed Shah Mohd. Quadri & Arijit Pasayat, JJ.
Saleem Bhai & Ors. -Appellants
versus
State of Maharashtra & Ors. -Respondents
Civil Appeal No. 8518 of 2002
(Arising out of SLP (C) No. 13234 of 2002)
With
Civil Appeal No. 8519 of 2002
(Arising out of SLP (C) No. 14577 of 2002)
Decided on 17-12-2002
Counsel for the Parties :
For the Appearing Parties : T.R. Andhyarujina, R.F. Nariman, Kailash Vasdev, K.K. Venugopal, Sr. Advocates, S.V. Deshpande, G.D. Sule, Ms. Anuradha Rastogi, Murari Lal Pathak, Manish Pitale, Chander Shekhar Ashri, Rashid Haque, Chandra Shekhar Ashri, Arun Agarwal, Shakil Nawaz, Kuldip Singh, Pavan Kumar, K.S. Rana, S.S. Shinde, V.N. Raghupathy, W.A. Nomani, B.S. Banthia for S.K. Agnihotri, Advocates.
VERY IMPORTANT POINT
The application under Order 7 Rule 11 CPC 1908 ought to be decided on the allegations in the plaint and filing of the written statement by the contesting defendant is irrelevant and unnecessary.
Act Referred :CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE : O.7 R.11, O.7 R.11(a), O.7 R.11(d)
(A) The Civil Procedure Code, Order VII Rule 11, read with Order VII Rule 11(a) and Order VII Rule 11(d), provides the framework for rejecting a plaint at the preliminary stage where the complaint fails to disclose a cause of action or where the relief claimed is barred by any law. In the present appeals, these provisions are invoked to determine whether the trial court was justified in directing the appellant to file a written statement without first deciding the application to reject the plaint. The High Courts common order is examined under these provisions to assess whether the court exercised its jurisdiction correctly and followed the required procedural sequence.
(B) The key legal principle is that an application under Order VII Rule 11 CPC must be decided on the basis of the averments in the plaint alone, and a direction to file a written statement before deciding such an application is a procedural irregularity that involves non-exercise of jurisdiction. The principles of res judicata and lis pendens are not applicable where the subject-matter of the property in earlier judgments does not match the suit property.
Facts of the case:
The appellants filed applications under Order VII Rule 11 CPC to dismiss the suits on the ground that the relief claimed was legally unsustainable. The trial court directed the appellants to file written statements instead of deciding the application. The High Court confirmed this direction, leading to the present appeals challenging the order.
Findings of Court:
The court found that the trial court and the High Court failed to apply Order VII Rule 11 CPC correctly by not deciding the application on the plaints merits and by requiring the filing of a written statement, which rendered the orders procedurally irregular and an exercise of jurisdiction.
Issues:
The central issue is whether an application under Order VII Rule 11 CPC should be decided on the allegations in the plaint without requiring the defendant to file a written statement.
Ratio Decidendi:
The court held that Order VII Rule 11 CPC must be decided based on the plaints averments, and directing a defendant to file a written statement before such a decision is a procedural irregularity that constitutes non-exercise of jurisdiction by the trial court.
Result:
The common orders of the High Court are set aside, and the cases are remitted to the trial court to decide the application under Order VII Rule 11 CPC after hearing the parties.
(A) The Civil Procedure Code, Order VII Rule 11, read with Order VII Rule 11(a) and Order VII Rule 11(d), provides the framework for rejecting a plaint at the preliminary stage where the complaint fails to disclose a cause of action or where the relief claimed is barred by any law. In the present appeals, these provisions are invoked to determine whether the trial court was justified in directing the appellant to file a written statement without first deciding the application to reject the plaint. The High Courts common order is examined under these provisions to assess whether the court exercised its jurisdiction correctly and followed the required procedural sequence.
(B) The key legal principle is that an application under Order VII Rule 11 CPC must be decided on the basis of the averments in the plaint alone, and a direction to file a written statement before deciding such an application is a procedural irregularity that involves non-exercise of jurisdiction. The principles of res judicata and lis pendens are not applicable where the subject-matter of the property in earlier judgments does not match the suit property.
Facts of the case:
The appellants filed applications under Order VII Rule 11 CPC to dismiss the suits on the ground that the relief claimed was legally unsustainable. The trial court directed the appellants to file written statements instead of deciding the application. The High Court confirmed this direction, leading to the present appeals challenging the order.
Findings of Court:
The court found that the trial court and the High Court failed to apply Order VII Rule 11 CPC correctly by not deciding the application on the plaints merits and by requiring the filing of a written statement, which rendered the orders procedurally irregular and an exercise of jurisdiction.
Issues:
The central issue is whether an application under Order VII Rule 11 CPC should be decided on the allegations in the plaint without requiring the defendant to file a written statement.
Ratio Decidendi:
The court held that Order VII Rule 11 CPC must be decided based on the plaints averments, and directing a defendant to file a written statement before such a decision is a procedural irregularity that constitutes non-exercise of jurisdiction by the trial court.
Result:
The common orders of the High Court are set aside, and the cases are remitted to the trial court to decide the application under Order VII Rule 11 CPC after hearing the parties.
ORDER
Leave is granted.
2. These appeals arise from the common order of the High Court of Madhya Pradesh (Indore Bench) in Civil Revision Petition Nos. 256 of 2002 and 257 of 2002 dated 7th May, 2002.
3. These cases have a chequered history but in the view we have taken, we do not consider it necessary to refer to the facts in any detail. Suffice it to say that Respondent No. 7 in the appeal arising out of SLP (C) No. 13234 of 2002 and the sole respondent in the appeal arising out of SLP (C) 14577 of 2002 filed suits in February, 2002, out of which these appeals arise. The eighth defendant in the suits is the appellant in these two appeals. The said respondents-plaintiffs in the suits claimed, inter alia, the following relief :
"(2). That it be declared that the Judgement and Decree passed by the III Joint Civil Judge, Senior Division, Nagpur in Special Civil Suit No. 147 of 1967, Judgement and Decree passed by IV Additional District Judge, Nagpur in regular Civil Appeal No. 16 of 1987, and approving the same in the Judgement and Decree passed by the Hon ble Bombay High Court, Bench at Nagpur in Second Appeal No. 132 of 1992, and while maintaining this Judgement and Decree, Judgement and order passed by the Hon ble Supreme Court in Special Leave Petition (Civil) No. 25004/96 and in Review Petition No. 1075/97 and order passed in various Revenue case No. 8/1996-97, are illegal, not in existence, null and void and are not within the jurisdiction and therefore are not binding on the plaintiff."
4. The appellant filed an application under Order VII Rule 11 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (for short, the CPC ) in the suits praying the court to dismiss the suits on the ground stated therein. Before us, it is stated that the plaint is liable to be rejected under Clauses (a) and (d) of Rule 11 of Order VII CPC. While so, the said respondents also filed an application under Order VIII Rule 10 CPC to pronounce judgement in the suits as the appellant did not file his written statement. There was also an application by the appellant under Section 151 CPC praying the court to decide first the application under Order VII Rule 11 CPC. By order dated 8th December, 2001, the learned Trial Judge dismissed the application under Order VIII Rule 10 as well as the application filed under Section 151 CPC. Insofar as the application under Order VII Rule 11 CPC is concerned, the learned Judge directed the appellant to file his written statement. Aggrieved thereby, the appellant filed aforementioned revision petitions before the High Court of Madhya Pradesh [Indore Bench]. On May 7, 2002, the High Court, while confirming the order of the learned Trial Judge, reiterated the direction given by the learned Trial Judge that the appellant should file his written statement and observed that the trial court shall frame issues of law and facts arising out of pleadings and that the trial Court should record its finding on the preliminary issue in accordance with law before proceeding to try the suit on facts. It is against this order of the High Court that the present appeals have been preferred.
5. Mr. T.R. Andhyarujina, learned senior counsel appearing for the appellant in the appeal arising out of SLP (C) No. 13234 of 2002 and Mr. R.F. Nariman, learned senior counsel appearing for the appellant in the appeal arising out of SLP (C) No. 14577 of 2002 have contended that having regard to the very nature of the relief claimed by the plaintiffs, the plaints are liable to be rejected under Order VII Rule 11 CPC and that the Court ought to have considered the said application on merits instead of giving direction to file written statement which would amount to not exercising the jurisdiction vested in the court. It is further contended that the High Court also did not appreciate that the plaints do not show any cause of action and that the plaint ought to have been rejected as the suit is barred by the principles of res judicata and lis pendense.
6. Mr. K.K. Venugopal, learned senior counsel appearing for the respondents, on the other hand, drew our attention to various orders passed in earlier proceedings to show that the subject-matter of the property, items 51 and 52 of the relinquishment deed were not the suit properties in the earlier judgements, including the order passed by this Court and, therefore, neither the principle of res judicata nor the principle of lis pendense is attracted.
7. The short common question that arises for consideration in these appeals is, whether an application under Order VII Rule 11 CPC ought to be decided on the allegations in the plaint and filing of the written statement by the contesting defendant is irrelevant and unnecessary.
8. Order VII Rule 11 CPC reads as under:
"11. Rejection of plaint.-The plaint shall be rejected in the following cases:-
(a) where it does not disclose a cause of action;
(b) where the relief claimed is undervalued, and the plaintiff, on being required by the Court to correct the valuation within a time to be fixed by the court, fails to do so;
(c) where the relief claimed is properly valued by the plaint is written upon paper insufficiently stamped, and the plaintiff, on being required by the Court to supply the requisite stamp-paper within a time to be fixed by the Court, failed to do so;
(d) where the suit appears from the statement in the plaint to be barred by any law;
(e) where it is not filed in duplicate;
(f) where the plaintiff fails to comply with the provisions of rule 9;
Provided that the time fixed by the Court for the correction of the valuation or supplying of the requisite stamp-paper shall not be extended unless the Court, for reasons to be recorded, is satisfied that the plaintiff was prevented by any cause of an exceptional nature for correcting the valuation or supplying the requisite stamp-paper, as the case may be, within the time fixed by the Court and that refusal to extend such time would cause great injustice to the plaintiff."
9. A perusal of Order VII Rule 11 CPC makes it clear that the relevant facts which need to be looked into for deciding an application thereunder are the averments in the plaint. The trial Court can exercise the power under Order VII Rule 11 CPC at any stage of the suit - before registering the plaint or after issuing summons to the defendant at any time before the conclusion of the trial. For the purposes of deciding an application under Clauses (a) and (d) of Rule 11 of Order VII CPC, the averments in the plaint are germane; the pleas taken by the defendant in the written statement would be wholly irrelevant at that stage, therefore, a direction to file the written statement without deciding the application under Order VII Rule 11 CPC. cannot but be procedural irregularity touching the exercise of jurisdiction by the trial Court. The order, therefore, suffers from non-exercising of the jurisdiction vested in the court as well as procedural irregularity. The High Court, however, did not advert to these aspects.
10. We are, therefore, of the view that for the aforementioned reasons, the common order under challenge is liable to be set aside and we, accordingly, do so. We remit the cases to the trial court for deciding the application under Order VII Rule 11 CPC on the basis of the averments in the plaint, after affording an opportunity of being heard to the parties in accordance with law.
11. The civil appeals are, accordingly, allowed. There shall be no order as to costs.
(N.K.R.) Appeals allowed accordingly.
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