2002 JTR(SC) 1229
2003 1 AICLR 47 ; 2003 AIR(SC) 657 ; 2002 AIR(SCW) 5326 ; 2003 1 ALD(SC) 114 ; 2003 4 AllMR(SC) 1141 ; 2003 1 CCR(SC) 31 ; 2003 CriLR(Cal) 164 ; 2003 1 Crimes(SC) 257 ; 2003 CrLJ 841 ; 2003 1 JLJR(SC) 182 ; 2002 10 JT 349 ; 2003 1 KLT 542 ; 2003 1 PLJR(SC) 182 ; 2003 1 RCR(Cri) 229 ; 2002 9 Scale 311 ; 2003 1 SCC 644 ; 2003 SCC(Cri) 407 ; 2002 SCR 89 ; 2003 2 UPLBEC 1181 ; 2003 1 WBLR 324 ; 2003 2 WLC 53 ; 2003 1 Supreme 46
2003(1) Supreme 46
SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
(From Orissa High Court)
Y.K. Sabharwal & K.G. Balakrishnan, JJ.
Bijay Kumar Mahanty -Appellant
versus
Jadu @ Ram Chandra Sahoo -Respondent
Criminal Appeal No. 441 of 1993
Decided on 13-12-2002
Counsel for the Parties :
For the Appellant : Raj Kumar Mehta, Ms. M. Sarada and Ms. Suman Kukreti, Advocates.
For the Respondent : Janaranjan Das, Advocate.
VERY IMPORTANT POINT
High Court has rightly held the appellant (SHO) guilty of contempt of court in arresting the respondent despite bail order. His apology tendered at belated stage cannot be accepted as sincere and bona fide. Sentence of civil imprisonment for 7 days cannot be converted into five in the facts of the case.
Act Referred :CONTEMPT OF COURTS ACT : S.19
(A) Section 19 of the Contempt of Courts Act, 1971, applies where a public servant entrusted with upholding the rule of law willfully disobeys a court order, particularly when such defiance deprives an individual of personal liberty obtained through a valid judicial decree. The section empowers the court to impose appropriate punishment to deter such misconduct and reinforce public confidence in the administration of justice. Here, the statutory provision is engaged because a police officer, bound by professional duty to respect judicial process, arrested the respondent in disregard of a certified bail order, thereby undermining the authority of the court and the liberty guaranteed by it.
(B) The key legal principles are that contempt proceedings are quasi-criminal and require proof beyond reasonable doubt; public interest demands strict adherence to court orders; judicial officers and law enforcement must not take revenge or act mala fide; belated apologies are not sufficient to absolve deliberate contempt; and the sentence must effectively uphold the rule of law.
Facts of the case:
The respondent was granted bail by the Sessions Judge on 6th November, 1990, and obtained a certified copy on 7th November. On 13th November, 1990, the officer-in-charge of the relevant police station arrested the respondent at 7:30 a.m., despite being aware of the bail order. The respondent was produced before the Magistrate on 14th November, who discharged him after verifying the bail copy. The High Court found that the certified bail order was produced before the officer, who willfully ignored it, and held him guilty of contempt, sentencing him to seven days of civil imprisonment.
Findings of Court:
The High Court correctly held that the officer was guilty of contempt for disregarding the bail order out of revenge, despite his own belief that the respondent was entitled to bail. The quasi-criminal nature of the charge required proof beyond reasonable doubt, which was satisfied by the evidence, including the crushed and marked bail order. An apology tendered twelve years after the incident and long after the initiation of the appeal was not accepted as insincere.
Issues:
Whether the charge of contempt was proved beyond reasonable doubt; whether the officers belief about the bail order could justify his actions; whether the apology offered at a belated stage could mitigate punishment; and whether a sentence of fine alone would suffice in a case involving defiance of a bail order by a police officer.
Ratio Decidendi:
A police officer, entrusted with enforcing court orders, cannot ignore a valid bail order merely because he believes the respondent is guilty of an alleged offence. Contempt proceedings require criminal proof standards, and deliberate defiance of judicial liberty warrants stern punishment to preserve the rule of law, which a belated apology or a mere fine cannot adequately address.
Result:
The appeal is dismissed and the order of the High Court confirming contempt and awarding seven days of civil imprisonment is upheld.
(A) Section 19 of the Contempt of Courts Act, 1971, applies where a public servant entrusted with upholding the rule of law willfully disobeys a court order, particularly when such defiance deprives an individual of personal liberty obtained through a valid judicial decree. The section empowers the court to impose appropriate punishment to deter such misconduct and reinforce public confidence in the administration of justice. Here, the statutory provision is engaged because a police officer, bound by professional duty to respect judicial process, arrested the respondent in disregard of a certified bail order, thereby undermining the authority of the court and the liberty guaranteed by it.
(B) The key legal principles are that contempt proceedings are quasi-criminal and require proof beyond reasonable doubt; public interest demands strict adherence to court orders; judicial officers and law enforcement must not take revenge or act mala fide; belated apologies are not sufficient to absolve deliberate contempt; and the sentence must effectively uphold the rule of law.
Facts of the case:
The respondent was granted bail by the Sessions Judge on 6th November, 1990, and obtained a certified copy on 7th November. On 13th November, 1990, the officer-in-charge of the relevant police station arrested the respondent at 7:30 a.m., despite being aware of the bail order. The respondent was produced before the Magistrate on 14th November, who discharged him after verifying the bail copy. The High Court found that the certified bail order was produced before the officer, who willfully ignored it, and held him guilty of contempt, sentencing him to seven days of civil imprisonment.
Findings of Court:
The High Court correctly held that the officer was guilty of contempt for disregarding the bail order out of revenge, despite his own belief that the respondent was entitled to bail. The quasi-criminal nature of the charge required proof beyond reasonable doubt, which was satisfied by the evidence, including the crushed and marked bail order. An apology tendered twelve years after the incident and long after the initiation of the appeal was not accepted as insincere.
Issues:
Whether the charge of contempt was proved beyond reasonable doubt; whether the officers belief about the bail order could justify his actions; whether the apology offered at a belated stage could mitigate punishment; and whether a sentence of fine alone would suffice in a case involving defiance of a bail order by a police officer.
Ratio Decidendi:
A police officer, entrusted with enforcing court orders, cannot ignore a valid bail order merely because he believes the respondent is guilty of an alleged offence. Contempt proceedings require criminal proof standards, and deliberate defiance of judicial liberty warrants stern punishment to preserve the rule of law, which a belated apology or a mere fine cannot adequately address.
Result:
The appeal is dismissed and the order of the High Court confirming contempt and awarding seven days of civil imprisonment is upheld.
JUDGMENT
Y.K. Sabharwal, J.-Police Officers are supposed to be the members of a disciplined force. It is of utmost importance to curb any tendency in them to flout orders of the Court. It is more so when flouting of order results in deprivation of personal liberty of an individual. If protectors of laws, to take revenge, defy court orders they will have to be sternly dealt with and appropriate punishment inflicted also with a view to send a message across the board that such an act cannot be countenanced.
2. The appellant is a police officer. At the relevant time, i.e., on 13th November, 1990, he was the officer-in-charge of the police station in question. A police officer of that police station had reported that the respondent had assaulted him on 30th September, 1990 which was the immersion day of Goddess Durga while he was on duty and the respondent had been asked by him to give side to other image (Medha) to pass. A case was registered against the respondent.
3. Now, the admitted facts. In connection with the aforesaid case, the respondent was arrested by the appellant on 13th November, 1990 from his residence at 7.30 a.m. He was kept in Police Custody and was produced before the Magistrate on 14th November. The respondent in respect of this very case had been granted bail by the Sessions Judge on 6th November, 1990. The respondent had obtained certified copy of the order of bail on 7th November. The respondent was produced before the Magistrate on 14th November when his advocate produced a certified copy of the order of the Sessions Judge and, thus, he was released by the Magistrate.
4. The only controversy is whether the respondent had produced, before the appellant, the certified copy of the order of bail at the time of his arrest. According to the respondent, it was produced. In the proceedings of contempt that were initiated by the High Court, on receipt of reference from the Sessions Judge, Cuttack, appellant denied that the copy of the bail order was produced before him. The High Court, on appreciation of evidence, held that copy of the bail order was produced before the appellant who arrested the respondent despite it. The appellant was held guilty of contempt and was sentenced for civil imprisonment for a period of seven days. Under these circumstances, this appeal has been filed under Section 19 of the Contempt of Courts Act, 1971 (for short, the Act ).
5. It is of paramount public interest that the people, after obtaining an order of the Court, should not feel helpless or without any remedy when such order is flouted.
6. In Advocate General, Bihar v. M.P. Khari Industries [(1980) 3 SCC 311], this Court said that "....It may be necessary to punish as a contempt a course of conduct, which abuses and makes a mockery of the judicial process and which thus extends its pernicious influence beyond the parties to the action and affects the interest of the public in the administration of justice. The public have an interest, an abiding and a real interest and vital stake in the effective and orderly administration of justice, because unless justice is so administered, there is the peril of all rights and liberties perishing. The Court has the duty of protecting the interest of the public in the due administration of justice and so it is contempt of Court not in order to protect the dignity of the Court against Contempt of Court may seem to suggest, but to protect and to vindicate the right of the public that the administration of justice shall not be prevented, prejudiced, obstructed or interfered with."
7. The rule of law is the foundation of the democratic society. The judiciary is the guardian of the rule of law. If the orders of the court are disobeyed with impunity by those who owe an obligation to the society to preserve the rule of law, not only would individual litigants suffer, the whole administration of justice would be brought into disrepute.
8. The case against the appellant was held proved by the High Court on appreciation of evidence, perusal of the original record of the case files including the certified copy of the bail order that had been obtained and its condition.
9. Mr. Mehta, learned counsel for the appellant, submits that the finding of guilt was returned against the appellant by the High Court without production of any independent evidence. The finding, it is contended, is based on probabilities when the requirement of law is that the charge of contempt shall be proved beyond any reasonable doubt. It was also contended that the appellant, while forwarding the respondent to the Magistrate, had mentioned at the end in his own hand that the respondent told him about the bail order having been passed by the learned Sessions Judge which shows his bona fides. The further contention is that the belief of the appellant that the respondent had been granted bail was of no consequence since it was his duty to arrest the respondent in connection with the case registered against him and he could not release the respondent merely acting on his belief. Further, it was submitted that the respondent did not produce the bail order before the SDO and SDPO who had come to the police station on tension being created after the arrest of the respondent.
10. We have no difficulty in accepting the contention that the case against the appellant is required to be proved beyond reasonable doubt. The contempt proceedings under the Act are quasi criminal. The standard of proof required is that of criminal proceedings. Therefore, the charge has to be established beyond reasonable doubt (see Mrityunjoy Das & Anr. v. Sayed Hasibur Rahaman & Ors. [(2001) 3 SCC 739].
11. We are, however, unable to accept the contention of the learned counsel that the charge against the appellant has not been proved beyond reasonable doubt. The respondent was arrested at 7.30 a.m. from his residence. The only other person available at that time when the certified copy of the bail order was shown to the appellant was the mother of the respondent who was examined as a witness. The appellant crushed the order. Different persons have the tendency to use different language while narrating the same incident. It is of no consequence that the respondent at one stage stated that the bail order when produced was torn , at another stage stated that it was bundled and with reference to that order, his mother used the word rubbed . The said order, as already noticed, was examined by the High Court before arriving at the finding that it bears marks of violence. The appellant admitted that as per his belief the respondent had been granted bail. If that was so, appellant would have given an opportunity to the respondent to produce that order instead of arresting him despite that belief. The appellant wanted to arrest the respondent any way. The case related to an alleged assault on a Police Officer of a Police Station of which the appellant was in-charge. No fault can be found with the finding of the High Court that the act was a result of revenge which prompted the appellant to act against his belief that the respondent had been granted bail and act against such a belief. There was tension as a result of the arrest of the respondent because he was arrested despite bail order. There was nothing to show that the respondent was produced before the SDO and SDPO when they visited the Police Station. It is nobody s case that those officers met the respondent. The High Court has rightly held the appellant guilty of contempt of court.
12. Learned counsel for the appellant contends that apology that has now been tendered by the appellant may be accepted. The incident relates to the year 1990. The respondent was deprived of his personal liberty despite grant of bail by the Sessions Judge. The appellant has tendered the apology only now after lapse of nearly 12 years. This appeal was admitted in the year 1993. The case has been on board for quite some time. The apology has been tendered only on 30th November, 2002. The apology has to be sincere and not merely to escape the punishment. In our view, it is not a fit case where the apology tendered at this belated stage ought to be accepted.
13. Lastly, it was contended that instead of imprisonment, fine be imposed on the appellant. In a matter of this nature, where a Police Officer, disregarding the bail order, arrests a person because case against him is of alleged assault on one of a police official, we do not think that mere sentence of fine would meet the ends of justice. No interference is called for in the judgment and order of the High Court.
14. The appeal is accordingly dismissed.
(N.K.R.) Appeal dismissed.
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