2004 JTR(SC) 941
2004 23 AIC 483 ; 2004 4 AICLR 671 ; 2004 AIR(Kar)(R) 2766 ; 2004 AIR(SC) 4298 ; 2004 AIR(SCW) 4809 ; 2004 2 ALD(Cri)(SC) 799 ; 2004 AllMR(Cri)(SC) 3405 ; 2004 4 BBCJ(SC) 228 ; 2004 3 CCR(SC) 202 ; 2004 4 CriCC 572 ; 2004 CriLR(Cal) 1117 ; 2004 3 Crimes(SC) 363 ; 2004 CrLJ 4185 ; 2004 3 EastCrC(SC) 291 ; 2004 3 JCC 1381 ; 2004 4 JLJR(SC) 183 ; 2004 7 JT 509 ; 2005 1 KarLJ 322 ; 2004 3 KLT 460 ; 2005 1 PLJR(SC) 50 ; 2004 4 RCR(Cri) 678 ; 2004 7 Scale 282 ; 2004 7 SCC 792 ; 2004 SCC(Cri) 2093 ; 2004 SCR 894 ; 2004 2 WLC 636 ; 2004 KHC 1154 ; 2004 6 Supreme 432
2004(6) Supreme 432
SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
(From Karnataka High Court)
Y.K. Sabharwal & D.M. Dharmadhikari, JJ.
Krishnappa -Appellant
versus
State of Karnataka -Respondent
Criminal Appeal No. 934 of 2004
(Arising out of S.L.P. (Crl.) No. 1815/2004)
Decided on 25-8-2004
Counsel for the Parties :
For the Appellant : Prakash Shrivastava, Advocate.
For the Respondent : Sanjay R. Hegde, Advocate.
IMPORTANT POINT
Power to summon an accused u/s 319 Cr.P.C. is an extraordinary power conferred on Court and should be used very sparingly and only if compelling reasons exist.
Act Referred :CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE : S.319
(A) The Criminal Procedure Code, specifically Section 319, which empowers a court to summon an accused person to appear and be tried, even after proceedings have been quashed, is the operative statutory provision in this appeal. Read in conjunction with the principles of revisional jurisdiction, the section was invoked by the State after the trial Magistrate had dismissed an earlier application and quashed proceedings against the appellant in 1995, seeking to re-array the appellant as an accused based on evidence examined in 1993. The High Court's revisional order setting aside the Magistrate's dismissal and re-applying the accused was challenged, invoking the interplay between the power under Section 319 Cr.P.C. and the doctrine of finality in criminal proceedings.
(B) The power to summon an accused under Section 319 Cr.P.C. is an extraordinary and discretionary power to be exercised sparingly and only on compelling reasons; it is not mandatory merely because evidence connects the person to the offence. The court must perform a judicial exercise balancing the stage of trial, quantum of evidence, and time spent, without mechanically proceeding against a person where the earlier proceedings were quashed. The test for interference revisional jurisdiction requires the High Court to respect the trial court's discretion unless it was illegally exercised.
Facts of the case:
An incident from 1993 resulted in simple injuries and crop damage, with twelve accused facing trial. The appellant was initially arrayed as an accused, but the proceedings against him were quashed in 1995 via a petition under Section 482 Cr.P.C. In 2000, the State filed an application under Section 319 Cr.P.C. to summon the appellant after examining 17 prosecution witnesses and recording statements under Section 313 Cr.P.C. The trial Magistrate dismissed the application, noting the appellant's conviction was unlikely and considering the 1995 quashing. The High Court reversed this order, holding that certain witnesses deposed to the appellant's presence and instigation.
Findings of Court:
The High Court found that prosecution witnesses testified about the appellant's presence and instigation, and concluded that the trial Magistrate erred in dismissing the application. The trial court, however, had based its order on an examination of evidence and the 1995 quashing, with the appellant's conviction being remote.
Issues:
Whether the trial Magistrate abused discretion in dismissing the State's application under Section 319 Cr.P.C. after considering the evidence and the prior quashing of proceedings; and whether the High Court correctly interfered in the revisional jurisdiction on the basis of witness testimony.
Ratio Decidendi:
The discretionary power under Section 319 Cr.P.C. must be exercised judiciously, considering the stage of trial, evidence, and time spent; interference by a High Court in a trial Magistrate's exercise of discretion is unwarranted where the order did not suffer from illegality, particularly where prior quashing of proceedings existed and the conviction was deemed remote.
Result:
The appeal is allowed, the impugned High Court judgment is set aside, and the order of the trial Magistrate dismissing the application is restored.
(A) The Criminal Procedure Code, specifically Section 319, which empowers a court to summon an accused person to appear and be tried, even after proceedings have been quashed, is the operative statutory provision in this appeal. Read in conjunction with the principles of revisional jurisdiction, the section was invoked by the State after the trial Magistrate had dismissed an earlier application and quashed proceedings against the appellant in 1995, seeking to re-array the appellant as an accused based on evidence examined in 1993. The High Court's revisional order setting aside the Magistrate's dismissal and re-applying the accused was challenged, invoking the interplay between the power under Section 319 Cr.P.C. and the doctrine of finality in criminal proceedings.
(B) The power to summon an accused under Section 319 Cr.P.C. is an extraordinary and discretionary power to be exercised sparingly and only on compelling reasons; it is not mandatory merely because evidence connects the person to the offence. The court must perform a judicial exercise balancing the stage of trial, quantum of evidence, and time spent, without mechanically proceeding against a person where the earlier proceedings were quashed. The test for interference revisional jurisdiction requires the High Court to respect the trial court's discretion unless it was illegally exercised.
Facts of the case:
An incident from 1993 resulted in simple injuries and crop damage, with twelve accused facing trial. The appellant was initially arrayed as an accused, but the proceedings against him were quashed in 1995 via a petition under Section 482 Cr.P.C. In 2000, the State filed an application under Section 319 Cr.P.C. to summon the appellant after examining 17 prosecution witnesses and recording statements under Section 313 Cr.P.C. The trial Magistrate dismissed the application, noting the appellant's conviction was unlikely and considering the 1995 quashing. The High Court reversed this order, holding that certain witnesses deposed to the appellant's presence and instigation.
Findings of Court:
The High Court found that prosecution witnesses testified about the appellant's presence and instigation, and concluded that the trial Magistrate erred in dismissing the application. The trial court, however, had based its order on an examination of evidence and the 1995 quashing, with the appellant's conviction being remote.
Issues:
Whether the trial Magistrate abused discretion in dismissing the State's application under Section 319 Cr.P.C. after considering the evidence and the prior quashing of proceedings; and whether the High Court correctly interfered in the revisional jurisdiction on the basis of witness testimony.
Ratio Decidendi:
The discretionary power under Section 319 Cr.P.C. must be exercised judiciously, considering the stage of trial, evidence, and time spent; interference by a High Court in a trial Magistrate's exercise of discretion is unwarranted where the order did not suffer from illegality, particularly where prior quashing of proceedings existed and the conviction was deemed remote.
Result:
The appeal is allowed, the impugned High Court judgment is set aside, and the order of the trial Magistrate dismissing the application is restored.
ORDER
Leave granted.
2. This appeal is directed against the impugned judgment of the High Court passed in revisional jurisdiction whereby the order dated 5th February, 2000 passed by the trial Magistrate dismissing the application of the State filed under Section 319 Cr.P.C. has been set aside. By the impugned judgment the appellant has been arrayed as an accused to be tried with twelve other accused.
3. The case before the Magistrate relates to an incident of the year 1993 which led to certain simple injuries and damage to some crops. Twelve accused are facing trial. The appellant was also arrayed as one of the accused but the High Court had quashed the case against him in the year 1995 on a petition filed by him under Section 482 Cr.P.C.
4. The State filed an application under Section 319 Cr.P.C. before the Magistrate for summoning the appellant as an accused after the conclusion of prosecution evidence examining 17 prosecution witnesses and recording of the statements of the accused under Section 313 Cr.P.C. by the trial Magistrate. The learned Magistrate by a detailed order, after examination of the evidence, dismissed the application, inter alia, of noticing that on evidence, the possibilities of the appellant being convicted were remote. The trial court also noticed the factum of the quashing of the proceedings against the appellant in the year 1995.
5. The High Court, in the impugned judgment, has come to the conclusion that some of the prosecution witnesses have deposed about the presence of the appellant on the date of the incident and also about the instigation made by him to the other accused persons to destroy the crops and tress grown by PW-1.
6. It has been repeatedly held that the power to summon an accused is an extraordinary power conferred on the court and should be used very sparingly and only if compelling reasons exist for taking cognizance against the other person against whom action has not been taken.
7. In the present case, we need not go into the question whether prima facie the evidence implicates the appellant or not and whether the possibility of his conviction is remote, or his presence and instigation stood established, for in our view the exercise of discretion by the Magistrate, in any event of the matter, did not call for interference by the High Court, having regard to the facts and circumstances of the case.
8. Mr. Sanjay Hegde, learned counsel appearing for the respondent/State, contends, relying upon the decision of this Court in Municipal Corporation of Delhi vs. Ram Kishan Rohtagi & Ors., [(1983) 1 SCC 1], that the trial court had the power to summon the appellant in exercise of power under Section 319 Cr.P.C. even when the proceedings had been earlier quashed qua him and the trial court committed serious illegality in observing to the contrary and thus the High Court rightly reversed the order of the Magistrate. Though an order under Section 319 Cr.P.C. summoning a person can be made on fulfillment of the conditions stipulated therein even when the proceedings had earlier been quashed, but in the present case the Magistrate did not dismiss the application merely on the ground of the proceedings having been quashed against the appellant. The Magistrate first on examination of evidence, came to the conclusion that the possibilities of the appellant being convicted were remote and, thereafter, made a passing reference to the factum of the proceedings having been quashed in the year 1995. In Ram Kishan Rohtagi s case (Supra), while holding that despite proceedings having been quashed, a person can be proceeded with, a note of caution was added that the power under Section 319 Cr.P.C. was discretionary and had to be used sparingly only on the existence of compelling reasons.
9. In Michael Machado & Anr. Vs. Central Bureau of Investigation & Anr. [(2000) 3 SCC 262], construing the words "the court may proceed against such person" in Section 319 Cr.P.C., this Court held that the power is discretionary and should be exercised only to achieve criminal justice and that the court should not turn against another person whenever it comes across evidence connecting that other person also with the offence. This Court further held that a judicial exercise is called for, keeping a conspectus of the case, including the stage at which the trial has proceeded already and the quantum of evidence collected till then, and also the amount of time which the court had spent for collecting such evidence. The court, while examining an application under Section 319 Cr.P.C., has also to bear in mind that there is no compelling duty on the court to proceed against other persons. In nut shell, it means that for exercise of discretion under Section 319 Cr.P.C., all relevant factors, including the one noticed above, have to be kept in view and an order is not required to be made mechanically merely on the ground that some evidence had come on record implicating the person sought to be added as an accused.
10. Applying the test as aforesaid to the facts of the present case, in our view, the trial Magistrate is right in rejecting the application. The incident was of the year 1993. 17 witnesses had been examined. The statements of the accused under Section 313 Cr.P.C. had been recorded. The role attributed to the appellant, as per the impugned judgment of the High Court, was of instigation. Having regard to these facts complied with the quashing of proceedings in the year 1995 against the appellant, it could not be held that the discretion was illegally exercised by the trial Magistrate so as to call for interference in exercise of revisional jurisdiction by the High Court.
11. For the aforesaid reasons, we allow the appeal, set aside the impugned judgment of the High Court and restore the order of the trial Magistrate.
Appeal allowed.
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