2004 JTR(SC) 1224
2004 24 AIC 759 ; 2004 AIR(SC) 5111 ; 2004 AIR(SCW) 5857 ; 2004 6 ALD(SC) 80 ; 2005 1 AllCJ 210 ; 2005 58 AllLR 145 ; 2004 6 ALT(SC) 61 ; 2004 2 AndhWR(SC) 637 ; 2004 2 ApexCJ(SC) 551 ; 2004 4 AWC 3206 ; 2005 1 CivCC 85 ; 2004 4 CTC 774 ; 2004 114 DLT 1 ; 2004 2 HinduLR 513 ; 2004 4 ICC 592 ; 2005 ILR(Kar) 1378 ; 2004 4 JCR(SC) 95 ; 2004 8 JT 166 ; 2004 3 KLT 820 ; 2005 1 MhLJ(SC) 380 ; 2005 1 MPLJ 14 ; 2005 1 RCR(Civ) 16 ; 2004 4 RLW(Raj) 634 ; 2004 8 Scale 388 ; 2004 7 SCC 747 ; 2005 1 WLC 308 ; 2004 KHC 1212 ; 2004 7 Supreme 132
2004(7) Supreme 132
SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
(From Delhi High Court)
S.N. Variava & H.K. Sema, JJ.
Shyam Sunder Kohli -Appellant
versus
Sushma Kohli @ Satya Devi -Respondent
Civil Appeal Nos. 6409-6410 of 2004
(Arising out of S.L.P. (C) Nos. 1948-1949 of 2003)
Decided on 1-10-2004
Counsel for the Parties :
For the Appellant : Shrish Kumar Misra, Advocate.
For the Respondent : Dr. N.K. Khetrapal and S.R. Setia, Advocates.
IMPORTANT POINT
A party at fault can not be allowed to get marriage dissolved on the ground of irretrievable break-down.
Act Referred :HINDU MARRIAGE ACT : S.13, S.13(1)(a)
(A) The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, Section 13 read with Section 13(1)(a) provides the statutory framework governing the dissolution of marriage in this case, outlining the grounds and procedures for divorce between the parties. The provisions are interpreted in conjunction with the evidence presented to determine the validity of claims such as desertion and cruelty, which are central to the adjudication of marital disputes under this Act.
(B) The core legal principles include the requirement of proof for allegations such as desertion and cruelty, the court's duty to scrutinize claims of irretrievable breakdown of marriage carefully, and the principle that a party at fault cannot seek dissolution of marriage on equitable grounds. The court must also assess whether genuine attempts were made to reconcile and whether evidence has been properly disclosed and proved.
Facts of the case:
The Appellant and the Respondent were married in 1981. The Appellant claimed the Respondent deserted him on 28th January, 1987, while the Respondent denied desertion and alleged she was forced to leave and was ready to return. The Appellant filed a divorce petition on grounds of cruelty and desertion in 1991, which was dismissed by the Trial Court and later upheld by the High Court. The Supreme Court granted special leave to appeal against the High Court's order.
Findings of Court:
The court found that the Appellant failed to prove cruelty or desertion. The evidence indicated that the Respondent was forced to leave the matrimonial home and the Appellant did not make genuine efforts to reconcile. The documents submitted by the Appellant were not properly proved or disclosed during the proceedings.
Issues:
Whether the Appellant has proven the grounds of desertion and cruelty; whether the marriage has irretrievably broken down to grant divorce; whether a party at fault can claim dissolution of marriage on the ground of irretrievable breakdown.
Ratio Decidendi:
The court held that without proven desertion or cruelty and with evidence showing the Respondent was forced to leave and the Appellant refused reconciliation, the marriage does not qualify for dissolution on the ground of irretrievable breakdown, especially when the party at fault seeks the remedy.
Result:
The appeals are dismissed with no order as to costs.
(A) The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, Section 13 read with Section 13(1)(a) provides the statutory framework governing the dissolution of marriage in this case, outlining the grounds and procedures for divorce between the parties. The provisions are interpreted in conjunction with the evidence presented to determine the validity of claims such as desertion and cruelty, which are central to the adjudication of marital disputes under this Act.
(B) The core legal principles include the requirement of proof for allegations such as desertion and cruelty, the court's duty to scrutinize claims of irretrievable breakdown of marriage carefully, and the principle that a party at fault cannot seek dissolution of marriage on equitable grounds. The court must also assess whether genuine attempts were made to reconcile and whether evidence has been properly disclosed and proved.
Facts of the case:
The Appellant and the Respondent were married in 1981. The Appellant claimed the Respondent deserted him on 28th January, 1987, while the Respondent denied desertion and alleged she was forced to leave and was ready to return. The Appellant filed a divorce petition on grounds of cruelty and desertion in 1991, which was dismissed by the Trial Court and later upheld by the High Court. The Supreme Court granted special leave to appeal against the High Court's order.
Findings of Court:
The court found that the Appellant failed to prove cruelty or desertion. The evidence indicated that the Respondent was forced to leave the matrimonial home and the Appellant did not make genuine efforts to reconcile. The documents submitted by the Appellant were not properly proved or disclosed during the proceedings.
Issues:
Whether the Appellant has proven the grounds of desertion and cruelty; whether the marriage has irretrievably broken down to grant divorce; whether a party at fault can claim dissolution of marriage on the ground of irretrievable breakdown.
Ratio Decidendi:
The court held that without proven desertion or cruelty and with evidence showing the Respondent was forced to leave and the Appellant refused reconciliation, the marriage does not qualify for dissolution on the ground of irretrievable breakdown, especially when the party at fault seeks the remedy.
Result:
The appeals are dismissed with no order as to costs.
JUDGMENT
S.N. Variava, J.-Special leave granted.
Heard parties.
2. These Appeals are against the Judgment dated 14th August, 2002 of the Delhi High Court. By this Judgment, two Letters Patent Appeals have been disposed of.
Briefly stated the facts are as follows:
3. The Appellant and the Respondent were married on 18th November, 1981. The Appellant claims that the Respondent left the matrimonial home on 28th January, 1987. The Respondent denies this. The Respondent claims that she was driven out of the matrimonial home. She claims that she was always and even now is ready to stay with the Appellant. On a question from Court, counsel for the Appellant states that the Appellant is not willing to take back the Respondent.
4. On 27th April, 1991, the Appellant filed a Divorce Petition on grounds of cruelty and desertion. The Trial Court, after considering the evidence of the parties and the material on record, held that the Respondent had not proved cruelty or desertion and thus dismissed the Petition.
5. The Appellant filed an Appeal under Section 28 of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 in the Delhi High Court. The High Court also held that the Appellant has not been able to prove cruelty. The Single Judge of the High Court, however, held that the Respondent had deserted the Appellant without sufficient cause and granted divorce on that ground.
6. The Respondent filed L.P.A. No. 593 of 2000 against the Order granting divorce on the ground of desertion. The Appellant filed L.P.A.No. 82 of 2001 against that portion of the Order, wherein it has been held that cruelty was not proved. Both these L.P.As. have been disposed of by the impugned Judgment. The Division Bench has also held that the Appellant has not been able to prove cruelty. It has held, on an appreciation of evidence and material, that there was no desertion by the Respondent. Thus, the Order of the First Appellate Court has been set aside and the Petition has been dismissed.
7. We have heard the parties and gone through the material on record. Very fairly, in view of concurrent finding of facts, by all the courts below, the ground of cruelty is not pressed. We find ourselves in agreement with the finding of the Trial Court as well as observation in the impugned Judgment that the Appellant has not been able to prove that the Respondent had deserted him. The evidence on record indicates that the Respondent had been forced to leave the matrimonial home. We are in agreement with the findings that the case of the Appellant, that he had made attempts to get her back, cannot be believed.
8. An attempt was made to rely upon various documents in order to show that the Respondent was holding herself out as the wife of one Hari Shankar Sharma. However, we find that the documents had not been referred to nor relied upon in the Petition. They had not been disclosed by the Appellants. During the course of evidence on his behalf, no attempt was made to prove these documents. For the first time when the Respondent entered the witness box, she was confronted with these documents. She has denied that she has taken out any Life Insurance Policy. She has explained how her name is there in a Bank Account jointly with Hari Shankar Sharma. Even after the Respondent explained the documents, no attempt has been made to prove these documents. As these documents have not been proved or marked in evidence, we are of the opinion that no reliance can be placed on these documents.
Thus, we find that no case for desertion is made out.
9. Faced with this situation, it was submitted that the marriage has irretrievably broken down. It was submitted that on this ground the divorce may be granted by this Court. In support of this submission, reliance was placed on the authority of this Court in L.V. Jadhav Vs. Shankarrao Abasaheb Pawar & Ors. [(1983) 4 SCC 232].
10. On the ground of irretrievable break down of marriage, the Court must not lightly dissolve a marriage. It is only in extreme circumstances that the Court may use this ground for dissolving a marriage. In this case, the Respondent, at all stages and even before us, has been ready to go back to the Appellant. It is the Appellant who has refused to take the Respondent back. The Appellant has made baseless allegations against the Respondent. He even went to the extent of filing a complaint of bigamy, under Section 494, IPC, against the Respondent. That complaint came to be dismissed. As stated above, the evidence shows that the Respondent was forced to leave the matrimonial home. It is the Appellant who has been at fault. It can hardly lie in the mouth of a party who has been at fault and who has not allowed the marriage to work to claim that the marriage should be dissolved on the ground of irretrievable break down. We, thus, see no substance in this contention.
11. For the above reasons, the Appeals stand dismissed with no order as to costs.
Appeal dismissed.
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