2006 JTR(SC) 682
2006 45 AIC 115 ; 2006 AIR(SCW) 3881 ; 2006 2 BLJR 1482 ; 2007 1 CalLJ(SC) 176 ; 2006 200 ELT 353 ; 2006 200 ELT 357 ; 2006 7 JT 121 ; 2006 7 Scale 464 ; 2006 6 SCC 340 ; 2006 6 SCJ 621 ; 2006 Supp4 SCR 200 ; 2006 KHC 992 ; 2006 6 Supreme 122
2006(6) Supreme 122
SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
(From Customs, Excise & Gold (Control) Appellate Tribunal, New Delhi)
Ashok Bhan and Markandey Katju, JJ.
South Eastern Coalfields Ltd. — Appellant
versus
Commissioner, Customs and Central Excise, M.P. — Respondent
Civil Appeal No. 2408 of 2001
With
Civil Appeal Nos. 1968-1971 and 8403-8404/2003
Decided on 1-8-2006
Counsel for the Parties :
For the Appellant : Joseph Vellapally, Sr. Advocate, V. Sridharan, Alok Yadav, Ajit Kr. Sinha, T. Ramesh, S. Nanda Kumar, Muthu Krishnan, Ananda Selvan and Rakesh K. Sharma Advocates.
For the Respondents : A.K. Ganguli, Ashok K. Panda, Sr. Advocates, Tufail A. Khan, Manpreet S. Doabia and B.K. Prasad, Advocates.
IMPORTANT POINT
Where meaning of a word in a statute is not clear, literal rule of interpretation cannot be applied and Court has to take resort to other rules of interpretation e.g. Heydon’s mischief rule, the purposive rule.
Act Referred :MINES ACT : Cl.viii, S.2(m), S.2(j)
(A) Section 2(j)(viii) of the Mines Act, 1952 defines 'mine' to include all workshops situated within the precincts of a mine and under the same management, used solely for purposes connected with that mine or mines under the same management. Section 5A(1) of the Central Excises and Salt Act, 1944 read with the Additional Duties of Excise (Goods of Special Importance) Act, 1957, along with Notification No.63/95-CE, exempts all goods manufactured in a mine from excise duty, with the explanation stating that 'mine' carries the same meaning as in clause (j) of Section 2 of the Mines Act, 1952. These provisions were invoked to determine whether the Central Electrical and Mechanical Workshop at Korba, established by the appellant for repairing mining machinery, qualified for exemption from central excise duty.
(B) The word 'precincts' must be interpreted purposively to mean the surrounding region or area serving the mine, and not be restricted to a limited geographical distance. The registration of a mine under the Factories Act is irrelevant to claims for exemption under the Central Excise Act. The workshop, if situated within the precincts of a mine and used solely for mine-related purposes, is entitled to the exemption.
Facts of the case:
The Central Electrical and Mechanical Workshop at Korba was established in 1967 by the appellant for repair of mining machinery in adjacent coal mines. The Central Government declared it a mine under the Mines Act, 1952 in 1969. Notification No.63/95-CE exempted goods manufactured in a mine from excise duty, defining 'mine' with reference to the Mines Act. A show cause notice sought recovery of duty and penalty, contending the workshop was not entitled to exemption.
Findings of Court:
The Tribunal erred in relying on the Factories Act and in holding that the workshop was not within the precincts of the mine. The word 'precincts' has a broader meaning and must be interpreted purposively to achieve the notification's objective of encouraging the mining industry. The workshop, being within the surrounding area of the mine and used solely for mine-connected purposes, qualifies for exemption.
Issues:
Whether the workshop established by the appellant falls within the definition of 'mine' under Section 2(j)(viii) of the Mines Act, 1952, and whether it qualifies for the exemption under Notification No.63/95-CE.
Ratio Decidendi:
The workshop is situated within the precincts of the mine as the term 'precincts' must be given a broad, purposive interpretation to include the surrounding area serving the mine. Goods manufactured in such a workshop are eligible for excise exemption under the notification, rendering the impugned order erroneous.
Result:
The appeal is allowed. The impugned order is set aside. No costs.
(A) Section 2(j)(viii) of the Mines Act, 1952 defines 'mine' to include all workshops situated within the precincts of a mine and under the same management, used solely for purposes connected with that mine or mines under the same management. Section 5A(1) of the Central Excises and Salt Act, 1944 read with the Additional Duties of Excise (Goods of Special Importance) Act, 1957, along with Notification No.63/95-CE, exempts all goods manufactured in a mine from excise duty, with the explanation stating that 'mine' carries the same meaning as in clause (j) of Section 2 of the Mines Act, 1952. These provisions were invoked to determine whether the Central Electrical and Mechanical Workshop at Korba, established by the appellant for repairing mining machinery, qualified for exemption from central excise duty.
(B) The word 'precincts' must be interpreted purposively to mean the surrounding region or area serving the mine, and not be restricted to a limited geographical distance. The registration of a mine under the Factories Act is irrelevant to claims for exemption under the Central Excise Act. The workshop, if situated within the precincts of a mine and used solely for mine-related purposes, is entitled to the exemption.
Facts of the case:
The Central Electrical and Mechanical Workshop at Korba was established in 1967 by the appellant for repair of mining machinery in adjacent coal mines. The Central Government declared it a mine under the Mines Act, 1952 in 1969. Notification No.63/95-CE exempted goods manufactured in a mine from excise duty, defining 'mine' with reference to the Mines Act. A show cause notice sought recovery of duty and penalty, contending the workshop was not entitled to exemption.
Findings of Court:
The Tribunal erred in relying on the Factories Act and in holding that the workshop was not within the precincts of the mine. The word 'precincts' has a broader meaning and must be interpreted purposively to achieve the notification's objective of encouraging the mining industry. The workshop, being within the surrounding area of the mine and used solely for mine-connected purposes, qualifies for exemption.
Issues:
Whether the workshop established by the appellant falls within the definition of 'mine' under Section 2(j)(viii) of the Mines Act, 1952, and whether it qualifies for the exemption under Notification No.63/95-CE.
Ratio Decidendi:
The workshop is situated within the precincts of the mine as the term 'precincts' must be given a broad, purposive interpretation to include the surrounding area serving the mine. Goods manufactured in such a workshop are eligible for excise exemption under the notification, rendering the impugned order erroneous.
Result:
The appeal is allowed. The impugned order is set aside. No costs.
JUDGMENT
Markandey Katju, J. — Civil Appeal No. 2408 of 2001 has been filed against the impugned order dated 30.11.2000 passed by the Customs, Excise and Gold (Control) Appellate Tribunal, New Delhi.
2. We have heard learned counsel for the parties.
3. The facts of the case are that the Central Electrical and Mechanical Workshop at Korba was established by the appellant, M/s. South Eastern Coalfields Ltd., at Korba in 1967 to facilitate repair of all mining machinery and equipment used in the adjacent coal mines and other collieries. The Central Government declared this workshop as a mine under the provisions of Section 82 of the Mines Act, 1952 under certificate dated 1.5.1969.
4. Section 2(J)(viii) of the Mines Act states that mine includes "All workshop situated within the precincts of a mine and under the same management and used solely for purposes connected with that mine or a number of mines under the same management."
5. Notification No.63/95-CE dated 16.3.1995 was issued by the Central Government under Section 5A(1) of the Central Excises and Salt Act, 1944 read with sub-section (3) of Section 3 of the Additional Duties of Excise (Goods of Special Importance) Act, 1957 exempting all goods manufactured in a mine from duties of excise and additional duties of excise. The explanation to that notification stated that the word "mine" will have same meaning as assigned to it in clause (j) of Section 2 of the Mines Act, 1952.
6. A show cause notice was issued to the appellant by the Superintendent of Central Excise, Range-Korba vide office letter dated 3.9.1996 for recovery of central excise duty amounting to Rs.31,59,704/- under the provisions of Rule 9(2) read with Section 11A of the Central Excise Act, 1944, alleging contravention of Rules 9(1), 52A, 53, 173B, 173C, 173G, 174 and 226 read with Notification No.63/95-CE dated 16.3.1995 as amended. Further, for the contravention of the aforesaid Rules imposition of interest and penalty was also proposed. In the show cause notice it was stated that the appellant did not appear to be entitled to the exemption as provided in Notification No.63/95-CE dated 16.3.1995 as amended.
7. The appellant submitted its reply to the show cause notice, on 6.10.1998, in which they referred to their earlier letter dated 5.9.1998 submitted with reference to the earlier show cause notice. The appellant was also heard personally. The defence of the appellant was that the workshop is situated within the precincts of a mine and hence was entitled to the exemption under the Notification No.63/95-CE.
8. The Commissioner by his order dated 22.6.1999 held against the appellant and ordered the payment of duty amounting to Rs.31,59,704/- as mentioned in the show cause notice and also directed recovery of interest and penalty for contravention of various rules.
9. The appellant filed an appeal before the CEGAT, which by order dated 30.11.2000 held that the goods produced by the appellants, were dutiable and the appellant would not entitled to the exemption contained in the Notification No.63/95-CE. The Tribunal confirmed the demand of excise duty under the order of the Commissioner but set aside the penalty imposed on the appellants. Aggrieved, this appeal has been filed in this Court.
10. In our opinion, this appeal deserves to be allowed. As already stated above, the exemption under Notification No.63/95-CE dated 16.3.1995 exempted all goods manufactured in a mine from excise duty. The Explanation to the exemption notification states that "mine" has the meaning assigned to it in Section 2(j) of the Mines Act, 1952. Clause (viii) of Section 2(j) of the Mines Act, 1952 defines "mine" to include "all workshops and stores situated within the precincts of a mine and under the same management and used solely for the purposes connected with the mine or a number of mines under the same management".
11. The question, therefore, in this case is that "whether the workshop in question can be said to be situated within the precincts of the mine".
12. Before the Tribunal reliance was placed by the learned counsel for the assessee on an earlier order of the Tribunal in Central Coalfields Ltd. vs. CCE, Jamshedpur dated 16.9.1997, in which it was held that the word "precincts" cannot be restricted to an area of four Kms. In that case the Tribunal held that the workshop in question was situated within the precincts of the mines to which it was catering, even though it was situated at a distance of 50 Kms. from the said mine.
13. In the present case the Tribunal rejected the assessees claim for exemption on the ground that since the mine was registered under the Factories Act, it cannot have the benefit of exemption in the Notification No.63/95-CE since as per Section 2(m) of the Factories Act a factory means any premises including the precincts thereof but does not include a mine subject to the operation of the Mines Act, 1952.
14. In our opinion the registration of a mine under the Factories Act has nothing to do with the assessees claim for exemption under the Central Excise Act. In fact the reference to the Factories Act itself was wholly irrelevant and we fail to see what the Factories Act has to do with the present case. The present case is covered by the Central Excise Act and has nothing to do with the Factories Act. Hence the view taken by the Tribunal is, with due respect to it, clearly erroneous.
15. It has to be considered in the present case whether the workshop in question is said to be a workshop within the precincts of a mine.
16. The word precincts is not a word of clear import which has a single, clear-cut meaning. Collins English Dictionary defines precincts to mean "the surrounding region or area".
17. In the New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, the word precinct is shown to have several meanings among which are the following:
"The area within the boundaries (real or imaginary) of a building or place; the grounds; the interior; esp. an enclosed or clearly defined area around a cathedral, college, etc. Also, the surroundings or environs of a place."
18. In the Advanced Law Lexicon, 3rd Edition, by P. Ramanatha Aiyar, the word precinct has been shown to have several meanings including a space enclosed by walls or other boundaries.
19. In Blacks Law Dictionary, 7th Edition, the word precinct is defined as follows:
"A geographical unit of government, such as an election district, a police district, or a judicial district."
20. From a perusal of the above definitions, it appears that the word "precincts" does not have a single meaning, rather it has several meanings.
21. One word can have several meanings, and one meaning can have several words (synonyms). For instance, the word ball can mean a round object for playing games like cricket, football, etc.; it can also mean a dance; it can also mean having a nice time, etc. Similarly, in Sanskrit the words "kamal", "pankaj", "rajeev", "neeraj", "jalaj", "saroj", etc. have the same meaning i.e. Lotus.
22. According to the literal rule of interpretation, if the meaning of a word or expression is clear, there is no scope for interpretation and we have to follow the plain and grammatical meaning.
23. However, where the meaning of a word or expression is not clear, obviously the literal rule of interpretation cannot be applied, and hence we have to take resort to other rules of interpretation e.g. the Heydons mischief rule, the purposive rule, etc. In our opinion in the present case the purposive rule should be applied. Under this rule, we have to see the purpose for which the provision was made. Looking at it from this angle, we are of the opinion that the word precincts has to be given the broader meaning and not the narrower meaning.
24. In other words, we have to interpret the word precinct in the exemption notification to mean the surrounding region or area, as defined in Collins English Dictionary or the surroundings or environs of a place as defined in the New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. This is because the purpose of the exemption notification is to grant exemption from excise duty to goods produced in a mine so as to encourage the mining industry. A workshop which is in an area in the environs of a mine and is existing solely for the purpose connected with the mine and under the same management, is obviously directly serving the mining operations. Hence, we have to interpret the notification so as to include such a workshop within the definition of a mine for the purpose of grant of exemption, as that would encourage the mining industry.
25. For the reasons given above the appeal is allowed. The impugned order is set aside. No costs.
Civil Appeal Nos. 1968-1971/2003 & 8403-8404/2003
26. In view of the decision in Civil Appeal No. 2408/2001, these appeals are allowed. The impugned orders are set aside. No costs.
Appeal allowed.
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