2008 JTR(SC) 604
2008 66 AIC 67 ; 2008 3 AIR(Jhar)(R) 174 ; 2008 Supp AIR(SC) 1775 ; 2008 AIR(SCW) 2723 ; 2008 72 AllLR 182 ; 2008 2 APLJ 51 ; 2008 2 AWC 1849 ; 2007 Supp DNJ 146 ; 2008 2 DNJ 556 ; 2008 3 ICC 519 ; 2008 3 JCR(SC) 166 ; 2008 4 JT 624 ; 2008 2 KLT 224 ; 2008 3 RCR(Civ) 78 ; 2008 6 Scale 272 ; 2008 15 SCC 464 ; 2008 5 SCR 1160 ; 2008 KHC 4572 ; 2008 2 Supreme 781
2008(2) Supreme 781
Supreme Court of india
(From Jharkhand High Court)
Dr. Arijit Pasayat & P. Sathasivam, JJ.
Lilawati Agarwal (dead) by Lrs.& Ors. — Petitioners
versus
State of Jharkhand — Respondent
Appeal (civil) 1363 of 2007
WITH
(Civil Appeal No. 2468/2008 @ SLP (C) No. 15653 of 2004)
(Civil Appeal No. 2469/2008 @ SLP (C) No. 15657 of 2004)
(Civil Appeal No. 2470/2008 @ SLP (C) No. 15683 of 2004)
(Civil Appeal No. 2471/2008 @ SLP (C) No. 20741of 2004)
Decided on : 04-04-2008
Act Referred :LAND ACQUISITION ACT : S.23(1)(a), S.28, S.4(1), S.30(2), S.23(2)
(A) The present appeals concern the applicability of benefit enhancements under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, read with the Land Acquisition (Amendment) Act, 1984. Section 4(1) notification was issued on 21.4.1965, followed by a Section 6 notification on 10.11.1966, and the Collectors Award was made on 6.4.1972. The Amendment Act became operative with effect from 24.9.1984, and the reference courts determination was made on 30.9.1985. The core statutory provisions in question are Sections 23(1-A), 23(2), and Section 28 of the principal Act, along with Section 30(2) of the Amendment Act, which governs the enhancement of solatium and benefits in cases where awards or appellate outcomes fall within the specified temporal window. Section 30(2) must be interpreted in light of the temporal link between the original award or reference and the appellate outcome, with the benefit extendable where the award was made within the prescribed period or the appeal stage lies within that period.
(B) Key legal principles include the narrow interpretation of Section 30(2), the distinction between awards made by the Collector and decisions of the reference Court, and the requirement that the benefit under Section 30(2) attaches only when the award or the appellate outcome falls between 30.4.1982 and 24.9.1984. The term or in Section 30(2) refers to the stage of the proceeding at which the benefit is sought, and an appeal is treated as a continuation of the original proceeding for the purpose of determining eligibility for enhanced solatium.
Facts of the case:
Notification under Section 4(1) of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 was issued on 21.4.1965, Section 6 notification on 10.11.1966, and the Land Acquisition Collectors Award on 6.4.1972. The Amendment Act was introduced with effect from 24.9.1984. The reference court decided the reference on 30.9.1985, and the High Court held that the appellants were not entitled to the benefit under Sections 23(1-A), 23(2), and Section 28 of the Act, a view subsequently affirmed in the decision of K.S. Paripoornan v. State of Kerala. Learned counsel for the appellants relied on the Union of India v. Raghubir Singh decision and the later case of Panna Lal Ghosh v. Land Acquisition Collector to contend that benefits under Section 23(2) and Section 28 remain available.
Findings of Court:
The Court noted that the benefit under Section 30(2) is available for awards made between 30.4.1982 and 24.9.1984, and this extends to appellate orders that arise out of awards made within that period. The Constitution Bench in Raghubir Singhs case fixed two terminus points, requiring that the award or the decision of the reference Court must have been taken within those dates, and emphasized that the benefit is not available if the terminus points fall outside this window. The three-judge Bench in Paripuranan IIs case took a position contrary to the Constitution Bench, and the Court found it appropriate to refer the matter to a larger bench to reconsider the interpretation.
Issues:
Whether the appellants are entitled to the benefit under Sections 23(1-A), 23(2), and Section 28 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894; whether the interpretation in Paripuranan IIs case correctly applies Section 30(2) of the Amendment Act; and whether the benefit under Section 30(2) extends to appellate orders or is confined to original awards made between 30.4.1982 and 24.9.1984.
Ratio Decidendi:
The benefit under Section 30(2) attaches only when the award or the appellate outcome is linked to an original award or reference that falls between 30.4.1982 and 24.9.1984, and the term or in the provision must be read with reference to the stage of the proceeding at which the benefit is sought, subject to the terminus points laid down by the Constitution Bench in Raghubir Singhs case.
Result:
The appeals are maintainable if the award or the decision of the reference Court was made between 30.4.1982 and 24.9.1984, and the appellate stage at which the benefit is sought is considered; otherwise, the benefit under Section 30(2) is not available.
(A) The present appeals concern the applicability of benefit enhancements under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, read with the Land Acquisition (Amendment) Act, 1984. Section 4(1) notification was issued on 21.4.1965, followed by a Section 6 notification on 10.11.1966, and the Collectors Award was made on 6.4.1972. The Amendment Act became operative with effect from 24.9.1984, and the reference courts determination was made on 30.9.1985. The core statutory provisions in question are Sections 23(1-A), 23(2), and Section 28 of the principal Act, along with Section 30(2) of the Amendment Act, which governs the enhancement of solatium and benefits in cases where awards or appellate outcomes fall within the specified temporal window. Section 30(2) must be interpreted in light of the temporal link between the original award or reference and the appellate outcome, with the benefit extendable where the award was made within the prescribed period or the appeal stage lies within that period.
(B) Key legal principles include the narrow interpretation of Section 30(2), the distinction between awards made by the Collector and decisions of the reference Court, and the requirement that the benefit under Section 30(2) attaches only when the award or the appellate outcome falls between 30.4.1982 and 24.9.1984. The term or in Section 30(2) refers to the stage of the proceeding at which the benefit is sought, and an appeal is treated as a continuation of the original proceeding for the purpose of determining eligibility for enhanced solatium.
Facts of the case:
Notification under Section 4(1) of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 was issued on 21.4.1965, Section 6 notification on 10.11.1966, and the Land Acquisition Collectors Award on 6.4.1972. The Amendment Act was introduced with effect from 24.9.1984. The reference court decided the reference on 30.9.1985, and the High Court held that the appellants were not entitled to the benefit under Sections 23(1-A), 23(2), and Section 28 of the Act, a view subsequently affirmed in the decision of K.S. Paripoornan v. State of Kerala. Learned counsel for the appellants relied on the Union of India v. Raghubir Singh decision and the later case of Panna Lal Ghosh v. Land Acquisition Collector to contend that benefits under Section 23(2) and Section 28 remain available.
Findings of Court:
The Court noted that the benefit under Section 30(2) is available for awards made between 30.4.1982 and 24.9.1984, and this extends to appellate orders that arise out of awards made within that period. The Constitution Bench in Raghubir Singhs case fixed two terminus points, requiring that the award or the decision of the reference Court must have been taken within those dates, and emphasized that the benefit is not available if the terminus points fall outside this window. The three-judge Bench in Paripuranan IIs case took a position contrary to the Constitution Bench, and the Court found it appropriate to refer the matter to a larger bench to reconsider the interpretation.
Issues:
Whether the appellants are entitled to the benefit under Sections 23(1-A), 23(2), and Section 28 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894; whether the interpretation in Paripuranan IIs case correctly applies Section 30(2) of the Amendment Act; and whether the benefit under Section 30(2) extends to appellate orders or is confined to original awards made between 30.4.1982 and 24.9.1984.
Ratio Decidendi:
The benefit under Section 30(2) attaches only when the award or the appellate outcome is linked to an original award or reference that falls between 30.4.1982 and 24.9.1984, and the term or in the provision must be read with reference to the stage of the proceeding at which the benefit is sought, subject to the terminus points laid down by the Constitution Bench in Raghubir Singhs case.
Result:
The appeals are maintainable if the award or the decision of the reference Court was made between 30.4.1982 and 24.9.1984, and the appellate stage at which the benefit is sought is considered; otherwise, the benefit under Section 30(2) is not available.
JUDGMENT
Dr. Arijit Pasayat, J. —
1.Leave granted in SLP(C) Nos. 15653, 15657, 15683 and 20741 of 2004.
2.All these appeals involve identical questions and are therefore, taken up together for disposal. The basic issues involved in these appeals relate to entitlement of the claimants/appellants for benefits under Sections 23(1-A), 23(2) and Section 28 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (in short the ‘Act’).
3.Factual position is almost undisputed and essentially as follows :
Notification under Section 4(1) of the Act was issued on 21.4.1965, Section 6 notification was issued on 10.11.1966 and the Land Acquisition Collector’s Award was made on 6.4.1972. Section 30 of the Land Acquisition (Amendment) Act, 1984 (in short the ‘Amendment Act’) was introduced and made operative with effect from 24.9.1984.
The reference court decided reference on 30.9.1985, the High Court held that in view of the decision of this Court in K.S. Paripoornan v. State of Kerala,1 [1994(5) SCC 593] the appellant was not entitled to the benefit under Section 23(1-A), 23(2) and Section 28 of the Act.
4.Learned counsel for the appellants submitted that the benefit under Section 23(1-A) may not be available in view of what has been stated in K.S. Paripoornan’s case (hereinafter referred to as ‘Paripuranan I’) yet in view of the decision of this Court in Union of India v. Raghubir Singh,2 [1989(2) SCC 754] and in K.S. Paripoornan v. State of Kerala,3 [1995(1) SCC 367] (hereinafter referred to as ‘Paripoornan II’ )the benefit under Section 23(2) and Section 28 of the Act are available.
5.Learned counsel for the respondent-State and Bharat Coking Coal Ltd. (in short the ‘BCCL’) the beneficiary for whose benefit the land was acquired submitted that the view in Paripuranan II is not correct as a three judge Bench had taken a view clearly contrary to what has been stated by the Constitution Bench in Raghubir Singh’s case (supra).
6.By way of reply learned counsel for the appellant submitted that even recently in Panna Lal Ghosh v. Land Acquisition Collector,4 [2004(1) SCC 467] this Court has adopted a view taken in Paripuranan II’s case (supra).
7.In order to appreciate the rival submissions it is necessary to take note of what has been stated in Raghuveer Singh’s case (supra) which is as follows :
“31.In construing Section 30(2), it is just as well to be clear that the award made by the Collector referred to here is the award made by the Collector under Section 11 of the parent Act, and the award made by the Court is the award made by the Principal Civil Court of Original Jurisdiction under Section 23 of the parent Act on a reference made to it by the Collector under Section 19 of the parent Act. There can be no doubt that the benefit of the enhanced solatium is intended by Section 30(2) in respect of an award made by the Collector between 30-4-1982 and 24-9-1984. Likewise the benefit of the enhanced solatium is extended by Section 30(2) to the case of an award made by the Court between 30-4-1982 and 24-9-1984, even though it be upon reference from an award made before 30-4-1982.
34.Our attention was drawn to the order made in State of Punjab v. Mohinder Singh [1986(1) SCC 365], but in the absence of a statement of the reasons which persuaded the learned Judges to take the view they did we find it difficult to endorse that decision. It received the approval of the learned Judges who decided Bhag Singh v Union Territory of Chandigarh [1985(3) SCC 737] but the judgment in Bhag Singh’s case (supra) as we have said earlier, has omitted to give due significance to all the material provisions of Section 30(2), and consequently we find ourselves at variance with it. The learned Judges proceeded to apply the principle that an appeal is a continuation of the proceeding initiated before the Court by way of reference under Section 18 but, in our opinion, the application of a general principle must yield to the limiting terms of the statutory provision itself. Learned counsel for the respondents has strenuously relied on the general principle that the appeal is a rehearing of the original matter, but we are not satisfied that he is on good ground in invoking that principle. Learned counsel for the respondents points out that the word ‘or’ has been used in Section 30(2) as a disjunctive between the reference to the award made by the Collector or the Court and on an order passed by the High Court or the Supreme Court in appeal and, he says, properly understood it must mean that the period 30-4-1982 to 24-9-1984 is as much applicable to the appellate order of the High Court or of the Supreme Court as it is to the award made by the Collector or the Court. We think that what Parliament intends to say is that the benefit of Section 30(2) will be available to an award by the Collector or the Court made between the aforesaid two dates or to an appellate order of the High Court or of the Supreme Court which arises out of an award of the Collector or the Court made between the said two dates. The word ‘or’ is used with reference to the stage at which the proceeding rests at the time when the benefit under Section 30(2) is sought to be extended. If the proceeding has terminated with the award of the Collector or of the Court made between the aforesaid two dates, the benefit of Section 30(2) will be applied to such award made between the aforesaid two dates. If the proceeding has passed to the stage of appeal before the High Court or the Supreme Court, it is at that stage when the benefit of Section 30(2) will be applied. But in every case, the award of the Collector or of the Court must have been made between 30-4-1982 and 24-9-1984.(underlined for emphasis)
8.In Raghubir Singh’s case (supra) two terminus points were fixed i.e. Award by the Collector or decision of the reference Court must have been taken between 30.4.1982 and 24.9.1984. It has been clearly stated in the last line of para 34 that every case “must” have been decided between the aforesaid terminus. In Paripuranan II’s case (supra) at para 4 it was observed that restrictive interpretation should not be given. With great respect we are unable to subscribe to the view. As a matter of fact a three judge Bench was trying to give an interpretation different from what was specifically given by the Constitution Bench.
9.Therefore, we think it appropriate to refer the matter to a larger bench to consider correctness of the view expressed in para 4 in Paripurnan II’s case (supra) holding that a restricted interpretation should not be given, on the face of what has been stated in para 34 of Raghuveer Singh’s case (supra). Records may be placed before the Hon’ble Chief Justice of India for necessary orders.
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