1937 JTR(Mad) 401
1938 AIR(Mad) 323 ; 1938 47 LW 693 ; 1938 1 MLJ 135
IN THE HIGH COURT OF MADRAS
Venkatasubba Rao, J.
Kotta Annapurnamma
Versus
Makku Venkamma
Decided On : 26.11.1937
The main legal point established is the liberal interpretation of Article 182 of the Limitation Act, allowing for the deemed substitution of the legal representative in the execution petition.
Limitation Act - Execution Petition - Interpretation of Counter-affidavit - Substitution of legal representative - Liberal interpretation of Article 182 - Execution petition deemed as that of the widow
Fact of the Case:
An execution petition was filed for a mortgage suit decree. The question was whether the petition was barred by limitation, as it was filed more than three years after a previous petition was dismissed.
Finding of the Court:
The court found that the previous execution petition, filed by the nephew of the decree-holder, could be deemed as that of the widow, based on the interpretation of her counter-affidavit. Therefore, the present petition was held to be in time.
Issues: The key issue was whether the previous execution petition fulfilled the requirements of Article 182(5) of the Limitation Act, and whether the widow's counter-affidavit could be interpreted to deem the previous petition as hers.
Ratio Decidendi: The court interpreted the counter-affidavit to conclude that the widow effectively adopted the nephew's petition in part and repudiated it in part, thereby substituting herself as the sole representative. The liberal interpretation of Article 182 was emphasized.
Final Decision: The appeal was allowed, and the decision of the Subordinate Judge was restored, holding the present petition to be in time.
Limitation Act - Execution Petition - Interpretation of Counter-affidavit - Substitution of legal representative - Liberal interpretation of Article 182 - Execution petition deemed as that of the widow
Fact of the Case:
An execution petition was filed for a mortgage suit decree. The question was whether the petition was barred by limitation, as it was filed more than three years after a previous petition was dismissed.
Finding of the Court:
The court found that the previous execution petition, filed by the nephew of the decree-holder, could be deemed as that of the widow, based on the interpretation of her counter-affidavit. Therefore, the present petition was held to be in time.
Issues: The key issue was whether the previous execution petition fulfilled the requirements of Article 182(5) of the Limitation Act, and whether the widow's counter-affidavit could be interpreted to deem the previous petition as hers.
Ratio Decidendi: The court interpreted the counter-affidavit to conclude that the widow effectively adopted the nephew's petition in part and repudiated it in part, thereby substituting herself as the sole representative. The liberal interpretation of Article 182 was emphasized.
Final Decision: The appeal was allowed, and the decision of the Subordinate Judge was restored, holding the present petition to be in time.
JUDGMENT
Venkatasubba Rao, J.
1. The question in this Letters Patent Appeal is, whether the view of the learned Judge that the execution petition in question is barred by limitation, is right. The lower Court had decided that the petition was in time and that decision was reversed by the learned Judge. The starting point under Article 182(5) of the Limitation Act is:
The date of the final order passed on an application made in accordance with law to the proper Court for execution or to take some step in aid of the execution of the decree.
2. One Subbaraju obtained the final decree in the mortgage suit in question on 9th September, 1926, and the present petition was filed by his widow Annapurnamma on 23rd December, 1931, for execution of that decree. It is contended that this execution petition is in time, by reason of a previous petition for execution filed on 15th October, 1928, which was dismissed by an order, dated 15th April, 1929. The short point for decision is, whether the previous execution petition fulfills the requirements of Article 182(5), for, if it does, the present petition, having been filed as it has been, within three years of the order referred to above made upon it, would be saved from the bar of limitation.
3. The previous petition was filed not by Annapurnamma, the widow of the decree-holder, but by his nephew one Karumuri Subba Rao. This man, alleging that the decree amount belonged jointly to his uncle and himself, filed the petition, praying that both he and Annapurnamma should be brought on the record as the decree-holders representatives, and, that the decree should be executed for their joint benefit. Annapurnamma by way of answer filed a counter-affidavit, denying that the applicant possessed any sort of interest in the decree. It is upon a proper construction of this counter-affidavit that the decision in this appeal must turn.
4. True, as urged ,by Mr. Somasundaram for the respondent, the widow prayed in the last paragraph of this affidavit, that Subba Raos petition should be dismissed. If the matter had stopped there, there would be nothing to urge in favour of the appellant. But the widow was not content with asking that the petition should be dismissed; she did something more, that is to say, she requested that she should be brought on the record as the sole representative and that the decree should be executed for her sole benefit. Here we may quote her actual words:
As all the properties of the late Subbaraju as well as the decree in this suit passed to this counter-petitioner, it is necessary that this counter-petitioner should be added as the second plaintiff and that this decree should be executed.
5. In effect, what she requested was, that upon the nephews petition praying that both he and Annapurnamma should be added as the deceaseds representatives, an order should be made substituting her alone as the sole representative. In other words, she adopted the nephews petition in part and repudiated it in part, and the proper interpretation of what happened is in our opinion this: - The widow must be taken to have said to the Court:
Here is the nephews application which is in writing as required by the Code and is otherwise in conformity with the law. Take that application as mine and instead of bringing on record, as the nephew requests, both of us, substitute me alone as the legal representative. In that sense I am willing to treat the application as my own.
6. We see no reason why this construction of what happened at the time should not be adopted, and if that is done, the present petition would be in time.
7. Some question was raised in the Courts below as well as before the learned Judge of this Court, as to whether there was or was not a step-in-aid of execution. In the view we have taken, no such question can arise. The point is not, whether there was a step-in-aid of execution, but whether the previous execution petition could or could not be deemed in law as that of Annapurnamma. Our answer is decisively in the affirmative. The provisions of Article 182, it has been held, should receive a fair and not too technical a construction (Mitra on Limitation, VI Edition, page 2048). Its language ought not to be strained in favour of the judgment-debtor who has not paid his debt and the words should be liberally interpreted in favour of the decree-holder (Ibid., p, 2075).
8. The cases cited by Mr. Somasundaram are easily distinguishable. In Saramma v. Seshayya I.L.R. (1905) Mad. 396 the application was made by the mother, although the person rightly entitled was the major son and as the judgment takes care to point out:
There is nothing to show that he constituted her as his agent for the purpose of making the application.
9. In Saminatha Asari v. Gopalakrishna Aiyangar (1916) 4 L.W. 291 again, the widow, made the application setting up the title as against the adopted son, who, it is not suggested, either ratified or adopted her act.
10. In the result, the appeal is allowed and the decision of the Subordinate Judge is restored. Each party will bear his or her costs throughout.