1998 JTR(SC) 481
1998 AIR(SC) 2854 ; 1998 AIR(SCW) 1626 ; 1998 1 CLR 1100 ; 1998 79 FLR 325 ; 1998 3 JT 164 ; 1998 LIC 1603 ; 1998 2 LLJ 774 ; 1998 3 LLN 28 ; 1998 3 RSJ 207 ; 1998 1 Scale 733 ; 1998 2 Scale 733 ; 1998 5 SCC 457 ; 1998 SCC(L&S) 1376 ; 1998 2 SCR 763 ; 1998 2 SCT 379 ; 1998 KHC 1014 ; 1998 1 KLT(Online) 1160 ; 1998 4 Supreme 164
1998(4) Supreme 164
Supreme Court of India
(From CAT, Chandigarh)
G.B. Pattanaik & S.P. Kurdukar, JJ.
Prem Kumar Verma & Anr. -Appellants
versus
Union of India & Ors. -Respondents
Civil Appeal No. 2250 of 1997
Decided on 15-4-1998
Counsel for the Parties :
For the Appellants : Ms. Shyamla Pappu, Sr. Advocate, M.R. Krishnamurthy, Pramod Sharma and Rajesh, Advocates.
For the Respondents : S. Wasim A. Quadri, Harinder Mohan Singh, Arvind Kumar Sharma, Advocates.
Important Point
The relevant rule as in existence on the date on which vacancy arose would govern the inter se seniority and accordingly the unamended Para 303(a) of Railway Establishment Manual viz., the merit obtained by the employees in the examination held at the end of the training period would determine the inter se seniority of the candidates selected as Depot Store Keeper by the Railway Recruitment Board.
Act
Referred
:RAILWAYS ESTABLISHMENT MANUAL : Para.303(a)
SERVICE LAW : .
(A) The determination of inter se seniority for recruitment to the cadre of Depot Store Keeper Grade III in the Railways is governed by the provisions of Para 303(a) of the Railway Establishment Manual as it stood on 11.7.1989, since the vacancies arose and the selection process was completed on that date. The Para unamended at the relevant time mandates that candidates who are sent for initial training shall rank in seniority in the relevant grade in the order of merit obtained at the examination held at the end of the training period. The amendments introduced in 1990 and 1993, which prescribed that candidates sent for training in later batches shall rank junior, have no application as they came into existence after the completion of the selection process. The Tribunal, therefore, had no basis to override the merit order determined by the Railway Authority on the basis of the then extant provision.
(B) Inter se seniority is governed by the rules in force at the time of the vacancy and completion of selection; merit at the final examination determines seniority among trained candidates; subsequent amendments cannot be applied retrospectively; administrative batch-wise training does not affect merit-based seniority if the candidate qualifies in the first attempt.
Facts of the case:
Vacancy arose for the post of Depot Store Keeper Grade III in July 1989. Advertisement was issued, 29 candidates were selected by Railway Recruitment Board Jammu Tawi on 11.7.1989, and they underwent training in batches. After training, they were posted and a seniority list was prepared by the Railway Authorities based on Para 303(a) of the Manual as it stood prior to amendment, on merit obtained at the examination. Respondents 5 to 9 challenged the seniority, claiming earlier completion of training should make them senior. The Tribunal held in their favor, but the Authorities and appellants contested, asserting that the pre-1990 rule based on examination merit alone was applicable.
Findings of Court:
The Court held that the amendments of 1990 and 1993 have no bearing since the relevant rule in force at the time of selection was the unamended Para 303(a). The seniority must be determined strictly on the basis of merit at the training examination as per that provision, and the Tribunal erred in substituting its own criteria based on the later amended provision.
Issues:
Which version of Para 303(a) of the Railway Establishment Manual is relevant for determining inter se seniority the one in force at the time of vacancy and selection, or the amended version introduced later?
Whether completion of training earlier than other candidates, when not provided for as a criterion at the time of selection, can override merit order determined at the examination.
Ratio Decidendi:
Inter se seniority for recruitment to the Railways must be determined in accordance with the rules in force at the time the vacancy arose and selection was completed, and not by reference to subsequent amendments; merit at the final training examination is the determinative criterion for candidates undergoing training.
Result:
The appeal is allowed. The order of the Central Administrative Tribunal setting aside the seniority list is set aside. The seniority list issued by the Railway Authorities on 24.9.1993 is restored, and no costs are ordered.
(A) The determination of inter se seniority for recruitment to the cadre of Depot Store Keeper Grade III in the Railways is governed by the provisions of Para 303(a) of the Railway Establishment Manual as it stood on 11.7.1989, since the vacancies arose and the selection process was completed on that date. The Para unamended at the relevant time mandates that candidates who are sent for initial training shall rank in seniority in the relevant grade in the order of merit obtained at the examination held at the end of the training period. The amendments introduced in 1990 and 1993, which prescribed that candidates sent for training in later batches shall rank junior, have no application as they came into existence after the completion of the selection process. The Tribunal, therefore, had no basis to override the merit order determined by the Railway Authority on the basis of the then extant provision.
(B) Inter se seniority is governed by the rules in force at the time of the vacancy and completion of selection; merit at the final examination determines seniority among trained candidates; subsequent amendments cannot be applied retrospectively; administrative batch-wise training does not affect merit-based seniority if the candidate qualifies in the first attempt.
Facts of the case:
Vacancy arose for the post of Depot Store Keeper Grade III in July 1989. Advertisement was issued, 29 candidates were selected by Railway Recruitment Board Jammu Tawi on 11.7.1989, and they underwent training in batches. After training, they were posted and a seniority list was prepared by the Railway Authorities based on Para 303(a) of the Manual as it stood prior to amendment, on merit obtained at the examination. Respondents 5 to 9 challenged the seniority, claiming earlier completion of training should make them senior. The Tribunal held in their favor, but the Authorities and appellants contested, asserting that the pre-1990 rule based on examination merit alone was applicable.
Findings of Court:
The Court held that the amendments of 1990 and 1993 have no bearing since the relevant rule in force at the time of selection was the unamended Para 303(a). The seniority must be determined strictly on the basis of merit at the training examination as per that provision, and the Tribunal erred in substituting its own criteria based on the later amended provision.
Issues:
Which version of Para 303(a) of the Railway Establishment Manual is relevant for determining inter se seniority the one in force at the time of vacancy and selection, or the amended version introduced later?
Whether completion of training earlier than other candidates, when not provided for as a criterion at the time of selection, can override merit order determined at the examination.
Ratio Decidendi:
Inter se seniority for recruitment to the Railways must be determined in accordance with the rules in force at the time the vacancy arose and selection was completed, and not by reference to subsequent amendments; merit at the final training examination is the determinative criterion for candidates undergoing training.
Result:
The appeal is allowed. The order of the Central Administrative Tribunal setting aside the seniority list is set aside. The seniority list issued by the Railway Authorities on 24.9.1993 is restored, and no costs are ordered.
Judgment
Pattanaik, J.-This appeal is directed against the order of the Central Administrative Tribunal, Chandigarh Bench dated 20th October, 1995, in O.A. No. 470 of 1994. The question for consideration is whether the inter se seniority of the appellants had been rightly determined by the Railway Authorities as per Para 303(a) of the Railway Establishment Manual (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Manual’) and was illegally interfered with by the Tribunal on the basis of a provision which came into existence subsequently.
2. Admittedly, vacancy arose in the post of Depot Store Keeper Grade III in Rail Coach Factory, Kapurthala, in July 1989, and advertisement inviting applications for the said posts had been issued by the Competent Authority. The Railway Recruitment Board Jammu Tawi selected 29 candidates on 11.7.89. Under the Rules the candidates are required to undergo training. The 29 candidates thus selected, were sent for training in four different batches and after completion of their training started discharging their duties as Depot Store Keeper. The Railway Authorities drew up the seniority list of the said 20 Depot Store Keepers in accordance with Para 303(a) of the Manual, as it stood prior to its amendment on the basis of the merit obtained at the examination held at the end of the training period. Respondents Nos. 5 to 9 filed a Representation on 3.8.92 challenging the seniority list. That Representation having been rejected by the Government they approached the Central Administrative Tribunal contending inter alia that since they were sent for training in the first batch itself and completed the training much earlier than other batch of personnel they are entitled to be declared senior to others. The appellants contested before the Tribunal both on the ground that the application is grossly barred by time and also on the ground that the seniority inter se has been rightly determined in accordance with Para 303(a) of the Manual and consequently the respective merit after the end of the training is the determining factor and earlier in point of time for getting the training is immaterial. The Tribunal, however, came to hold that respondents 5 to 9 having successfully completed the training before the present appellants and other respondents, said 5 to 9 who were applicants before the Tribunal, would rank senior.
3. Mrs. Shyamla Pappu, learned senior counsel appearing for the appellants, contended that when recruitment to a cadre under the Railways is made through the Railway Service Commission then the seniority of such recruits has to be determined in accordance with Para 303. She further contended that vacancy having arisen in July 1989 process of selection for the same having started and completed on 11.7.89 the relevant provision, as it stood then would govern the inter se seniority and not the amended provision. Under the pre-amended provision it is the order of merit obtained at the examination held at the end of the training period which determines the inter se seniority and the appellants having obtained higher merit at the examination held at the end of the training has rightly been shown senior in the Gradation List and the Tribunal erroneously interfered with the same, Mrs. Shyamla Pappu, learned senior counsel further submitted that the Proviso to Para 303(a) of the Manual which has been quoted and considered by the Tribunal was no there on the Statute Book either when the vacancy arose or at the time when the selection was completed and, therefore, the said proviso cannot be attracted. In that view of the matter the Tribunal has committed error by deciding the seniority on the basis as to which batch joined the training course earlier. Mr. Singh, learned counsel appearing for the respondents 5 to 9 on the other hand contended, that at the relevant point of time the provision of Para 303(a) stood, as indicated in Paragraph 8 of the order of the Tribunal and in that view of the matter the Tribunal rightly decided the criteria for determination of seniority and the said order, therefore, does not require any interference. The Railway Authorities though entered appearance but did not file any counter affidavit.
4. In view of the rival submissions at the Bar the first question that would arise for consideration is which Rule would govern the inter se seniority? It is undisputed that vacancies arose prior to July 1989 and advertisement for the said post had been issued earlier to July 1989 and finally the Railway Recruitment Board concluded its selection process and selected 29 candidates on 11.7.1989. Therefore, the relevant Rules, as existed then would govern the inter se seniority. The next question that arises for consideration is which is the relevant Rule that was in force in July 1989? From the materials produced before us it appears that Para 303 of the Manual, as it stood in July 1989 is to the following effect :-
“303. The seniority of candidates recruited through the Railway Service Commission or by any other recruiting authority should be determined as under:-
(a) Candidates who are sent for initial training to training schools will rank in seniority in the relevant grade in the order of merit obtained at the examination held at the end of the training period before being posted again working posts.
(b) Candidates who do not have to undergo any training the seniority should be determined on the basis of the merit order assigned by the Railway Service Commission or other recruiting authority.”
Later on sometimes in the year 1990 303 (a) was amended by inserting the following expression :-
“Those who joined the subsequent course for any reasons whatsoever and those who passed the examination in the subsequent chance will rank junior to those who had passed the examination in earlier courses.”
The aforesaid Rue stood further amended in 1993 which reads thus :-
“In case however persons belonging to the same RRB panel are sent for initial training in batches due to administrative reasons and not because of reasons attributable to the candidates, the inter se seniority will be regulated batch-wise provided persons higher up in the panel of RRB not sent for training in the appropriate batch (As per seniority) due to administrative reasons shall be clubbed alongwith the candidates who took the training in the appropriate batch for the purpose of regularing the inter se seniority provided such persons pass the examination at the end of the training in the first attempt.”
5. In view of our conclusion that the posts fell prior to July 1989 and the process of selection was completed and the Recruitment Board selected the candidates on 11.7.1989 the amendment that was introduced on 5.5.90 and the further amendment of 1993 will have no application and it is the unamended Rule 303(a) as it stood on 11th July 1989 would govern the case of inter se seniority. The analysis of the provisions of Para 303 indicates that where candidates are required to undergo some training after being selected through Railway Service Commission or any other Recruiting Authority, their seniority is determined on the basis of their respective merit at the examination held at the end of the training period and where candidates do not have to undergo any training then the seniority is determined on the basis of the merit assigned by the Railway Service Commission or other Recruiting Authority. In the present case the candidates had to undergo training and infact they had undergone training in batches, as already stated. In that view of the matter their seniority had rightly been determined by the Railway Authority on the basis of their respective merit obtained at the examination held at the end of the training period. The Tribunal committed error by altering the said seniority on the basis of a Rule which was not in existence on the date the vacancy arose and on the date when the selection was completed.
6. In the aforesaid premises, we set aside the impugned order of the Tribunal and dismiss the O.A. filed by respondents Nos. 5 to 9. The seniority list as issued by the Railway Authorities on 24.9.1993 is restored.
7. The appeal is allowed. But in the circumstances there will be no order as to costs.
(H.K.) Appeal allowed.
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Parallel Citations of other Journals :
Prem Kumar Verma v. Union of India, 1998(4) Supreme 164 : AIR 1998 SC 2854 : 1998 SCC (L & S) 1376 : (1998) 5 SCC 457 : JT 1998(3) SC 41 : 1998(2) Scale 556 : 1998(III) AD (SC) 105
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