2002 JTR(SC) 755
2002 4 AICLR 294 ; 2002 AIR(SC) 2811 ; 2002 AIR(SCW) 3186 ; 2002 AIR(SCW) 3741 ; 2002 AllMR(Cri)(SC) 2073 ; 2002 3 CCR(SC) 124 ; 2003 1 CHN(SC) 167 ; 2002 CriLR 668 ; 2002 4 Crimes(SC) 11 ; 2002 CrLJ 3741 ; 2002 4 CTC 59 ; 2002 3 EastCrC(SC) 105 ; 2002 2 JCC 1348 ; 2002 6 JT 299 ; 2002 3 KLT(SN) 39 ; 2002 3 RCR(Cri) 869 ; 2002 5 Scale 456 ; 2002 6 SCC 663 ; 2002 SCC(Cri) 1460 ; 2002 SCR 427 ; 2002 2 WLC 461 ; 2002 KHC 966 ; 2002 5 Supreme 506
2002(5) Supreme 506
SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
(From Punjab & Haryana High Court)
R.C. Lahoti & Brijesh Kumar, JJ.
State of Punjab -Appellant
versus
Gurmej Singh -Respondent
Criminal Appeal No. 318 of 2001
Decided on 2-8-2002
Counsel for the Parties :
For the Appellant : Bimal Roy Jad, Pankaj Kumar Singh and Ms. Sunita Pandit, Advocates.
For the Respondent : Prem Malhotra, Advocate.
IMPORTANT POINT
Although it is a case of Triple murder and assault on young children without any provocation but still it does not fall in the category of rare of the rarest cases to award extreme penalty of death. Life imprisonment and enhanced fine and increase of sentence in default of payment of fine on each count will meet ends of justice.
Act
Referred
:CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE : S.357(3)
INDIAN PENAL CODE : S.450, S.324, S.302, S.326
(A) The appeal pertains to the imposition of sentence in a murder case where the accused was convicted under Sections 302, 324, 326, and 450 of the Indian Penal Code. Sections 302 and 326 govern punishment for murder and causing grievous hurt, respectively, while Section 450 addresses trespass. Section 357(3) of the Code of Criminal Procedure governs the award of compensation to victims when a sentence involving a fine does not form part of the sentence. The High Courts refusal to confirm the death sentence and the enhancement of fines are evaluated under these provisions.
(B) The death penalty is to be awarded only in the rarest of rare cases, considering the motive, manner, impact on society, personality of the accused, and mitigating circumstances. Life imprisonment is the norm for murder. Compensation under Section 357(3) Cr.P.C. is not available where a sentence of fine is imposed.
Facts of the case:
The accused respondent assaulted his brother, the deceased, and three other individuals in a family dispute over money. The assault resulted in three deaths and three injuries. The accused had prior disputes with the deceased regarding money sent from abroad. The Trial Court sentenced the accused to death for three counts of murder, while the High Court commuted the sentence to life imprisonment and adjusted the fines.
Findings of Court:
The Supreme Court held that the case did not fall within the category of rarest of rare cases deserving the death penalty. The High Courts decision was not interfered with. Compensation under Section 357(3) Cr.P.C. was not applicable due to the imposition of fines, but the fine amount was enhanced, and the default imprisonment was increased.
Issues:
Whether the death sentence was appropriate; whether the High Court correctly declined to confirm the death sentence; whether compensation under Section 357(3) Cr.P.C. could be awarded alongside a fine.
Ratio Decidendi:
The death penalty is reserved for the rarest of rare cases. Where the crime, though grievous, does not meet the threshold of extreme culpability, life imprisonment is the appropriate sentence. Compensation under Section 357(3) Cr.P.C. is not available when a fine forms part of the sentence.
Result:
The appeal was dismissed with modifications: fines enhanced to Rs. 20,000 per count, default imprisonment enhanced to two years per count, and the sentence of life imprisonment upheld.
(A) The appeal pertains to the imposition of sentence in a murder case where the accused was convicted under Sections 302, 324, 326, and 450 of the Indian Penal Code. Sections 302 and 326 govern punishment for murder and causing grievous hurt, respectively, while Section 450 addresses trespass. Section 357(3) of the Code of Criminal Procedure governs the award of compensation to victims when a sentence involving a fine does not form part of the sentence. The High Courts refusal to confirm the death sentence and the enhancement of fines are evaluated under these provisions.
(B) The death penalty is to be awarded only in the rarest of rare cases, considering the motive, manner, impact on society, personality of the accused, and mitigating circumstances. Life imprisonment is the norm for murder. Compensation under Section 357(3) Cr.P.C. is not available where a sentence of fine is imposed.
Facts of the case:
The accused respondent assaulted his brother, the deceased, and three other individuals in a family dispute over money. The assault resulted in three deaths and three injuries. The accused had prior disputes with the deceased regarding money sent from abroad. The Trial Court sentenced the accused to death for three counts of murder, while the High Court commuted the sentence to life imprisonment and adjusted the fines.
Findings of Court:
The Supreme Court held that the case did not fall within the category of rarest of rare cases deserving the death penalty. The High Courts decision was not interfered with. Compensation under Section 357(3) Cr.P.C. was not applicable due to the imposition of fines, but the fine amount was enhanced, and the default imprisonment was increased.
Issues:
Whether the death sentence was appropriate; whether the High Court correctly declined to confirm the death sentence; whether compensation under Section 357(3) Cr.P.C. could be awarded alongside a fine.
Ratio Decidendi:
The death penalty is reserved for the rarest of rare cases. Where the crime, though grievous, does not meet the threshold of extreme culpability, life imprisonment is the appropriate sentence. Compensation under Section 357(3) Cr.P.C. is not available when a fine forms part of the sentence.
Result:
The appeal was dismissed with modifications: fines enhanced to Rs. 20,000 per count, default imprisonment enhanced to two years per count, and the sentence of life imprisonment upheld.
Sentencing - Used to establish the 'rarest of rare' criteria for determining when to impose the death penalty.
Sentencing - Referred to to determine whether the crime falls under the rare of the rarest category.
Sentencing - Discussed as authority regarding the principle that life imprisonment is the norm in murder cases.
Mitigation - Cited as an instance where mitigating circumstances led to the non-imposition of the death penalty.
Sentencing - Observed that extreme penalty of death is only to be inflicted in the gravest cases of extreme culpability.
Sentencing - Used as judicial precedent discussing the principles for awarding the death penalty vs life imprisonment.
Compensation - Distinguished on the grounds that it does not hold that compensation may be awarded over and above a sentence of fine.
JUDGMENT
Brijesh Kumar, J.-This appeal has been preferred by the State of Punjab against the judgment and order passed by the Punjab High Court, declining to accept the reference for confirmation of death sentence, as awarded against the respondent-Gurmej Singh by the Court of Sessions. The appeal, preferred by the accused Gurmej Singh against his conviction, was however, dismissed upholding his conviction. The sentence, thus was commuted from one of death to imprisonment for life. The question, therefore, is confined to the award of the sentence whether it may be maintained as imprisonment for life or the respondent be sentenced to death as ordered by the Trial Court.
2. Briefly, the facts of the case are that the accused respondent-Gurmej Singh is brother of the deceased Jagjit Singh. It is said that while in Dubai, Gurmej Singh had been sending money to his brother Jagjit Singh. Gurmej Singh had also been running business of dairy farming in the village and used to give his land on contract basis. Jagjit Singh has been living in the village.
3. The prosecution case about the occurrence is that on November 1, 1993, at about 11.00 p.m. Gurmej Singh assaulted his brother Jagjit Singh at their house in village Manuke, as well as wife of his brother Charanjit Kaur, their son Swaranjit Singh, daughter Gurmeet Kaur and Amarjit Kaur daughter of the sister of Charanjit Kaur. PW-5 Dalip Singh, who is father-in-law of the deceased Jagjit Singh and father of Charanjit Kaur, happened to be staying there on that day at the house of Jagjit Singh. He got up on hearing the commotion and asked Gurmej Singh not to assault, upon which Gurmej Singh assaulted Dalip Singh as well. It is further said that since the handle of the kirpan got broken, Gurmej Singh picked up a dah and continued the assault with the said dah. The witnesses raised alarm and other people arrived at the spot. As a result of the assault three persons died viz. Jagjit Singh, his wife Charanjit Kaur and Swaranjit Singh, their son. Dalip Singh, Gurmeet Kaur- minor daughter of Jagjit Singh and Amarjeet Kaur- daughter of sister of Charanjit Kaur, received injuries. Thereafter, report was lodged by PW-5 Dalip Singh the complainant and after usual investigation, respondent-Gurmej Singh and his wife both were charge-sheeted. After the trial, respondent-Gurmej Singh was convicted under Section 302 IPC on three counts for the three murders and sentenced to death on each count with a fine of Rs. 5000/- also on each count, in default of payment of fine, to go rigorous imprisonment for one year each. The other sentences which have been awarded, are as follows :
1. Under Section 326 of the Indian Penal Code for causing grievous hurt to Gurmeet Kaur Sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for two years and to pay a fine of Rs.3000/- and in default of payment of fine undergo rigorous imprisonment for two months.
2. Under Section 326 of the Indian Penal Code for causing grievous hurt to Amarjit Kaur. Sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for two years and to pay a fine of Rs. 3000/- and in default of payment of fine to undergo rigorous imprisonment for two months.
3. Under Section 324 of the Indian Penal Code for causing simple hurt to Gurmeet Kaur. Sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for one year and to pay a fine of Rs. 2000/-. In default of payment of fine, to undergo rigorous imprisonment for two months.
4. Under Section 324 of the Indian Penal Code for causing simple hurt to Amarjit Kaur. Sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for one year and to pay a fine of Rs. 2000/-. In default of payment of fine, to undergo rigorous imprisonment for two months.
5. Under Section 324 of the Indian Penal Code for causing simple hurt to Dalip Singh Sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for one year and to pay a fine of Rs. 2000/- and in default of payment of fine to undergo rigorous imprisonment for two months.
6. Under Section 450 of the Indian Penal Code for trespassing in the house of Jagjit Singh. Sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for two years and to pay a fine of Rs. 3000/- and in default of payment of fine to undergo rigorous imprisonment for two months.
4. Wife of Gurmej Singh, however, has been acquitted.
5. On facts none of the parties raised any dispute before us, since the matter was confined to sentence to be awarded to respondent-Gurmej Singh. In this view of the matter motive of the crime assumes importance. According to the prosecution case the two brothers used to quarrel on account of money transactions. According to P.W.5-Dalip Singh, the father-in-law of the deceased Jagjit Singh, he had gone to village Manuke on November 1, 1993, reaching there at about 5.00 p.m., at that time also the two brothers were quarreling. P.W.5-Dalip Singh, however, persuaded them not to fight and get the matter settled through panchayat within a day or two. Gurmej Singh is said to be very much annoyed with his brother and had been planning to assault him. On return from Dubai, whenever Gurmej Singh is said to have enquired about money sent from Dubai, it is said that the deceased has been telling that the money was spent on the house. It infuriated Gurmej Singh, which ultimately became the cause of the assault, as a result of which three persons died and another three got injuries as indicated above.
6. The Trial Court while considering the question of sentence held that it was a gruesome murder committed by the respondent, who did not even spare the young children and assaulted them without any provocation and it needed a deterrent punishment. According to the Trial Court, it was one of those rare of rarest cases in which sentence of death would only meet the ends of justice. The High Court, however, observed that in view of the decisions of the Supreme Court in the cases of Bachan Singh Vs. State of Punjab [1980(2) SCC 684), Machi Singh & Ors. Vs. State of Punjab [AIR 1983 SC 957] and State through Superintendent of Police, CBI/SIT Vs. Nalini & Ors. [1999 (5) SCC 253], it could not be said to be rare of rarest cases, so as to call for penalty of death.
7. We have given our anxious consideration to the submissions made on behalf of the parties. We have also taken note of the decisions referred to by the High Court in its judgment, as also relied upon by the counsel for the respondent. Learned counsel for the respondent has drawn our attention to a decision reported in [2002(1) SCALE 273] Lehna Vs. State of Haryana also. Yet another case on the point is reported in [2002(4) SCC 679] Dharmendra Singh Alias Mansing Ratansing Vs. State of Gujarat. The principles laid down in the cases of Bachan Singh and Machi Singh (Supra) have also been discussed and considered in the above noted decisions of this Court and it has been held that sentence of imprisonment for life is normally to be awarded in murder cases. Penalty of death sentence is awarded only in exceptional cases. In the case of Machi Singh (Supra), this Court observed that extreme penalty of death need not be inflicted except in gravest cases of extreme culpability. In the case of Om Prakash Vs. State of Haryana [1999(3) SCC 19], where the accused a member of paramilitary force had killed seven members of a family, was not awarded extreme penalty for the reason that he had been labouring under the strain that the accused and the members of his family had been suffering due to injustice being meted out to them by the family of the deceased. It was considered to be a mitigating circumstance in that case. A number of factors, which are to be taken into account while imposing penalty of death, for illustration are the motive of the crime, the manner of the assault, the impact of the crime on the society as a whole, the personality of the accused, circumstances and facts of the case as to whether the crime committed is for satisfying any kind of lust, greed or in pursuance of any organised anti-social activity or by way of organised crime, drug trafficking or the like or the chances of inflicting the society with a similar criminal act that is to say vulnerability of the members of the society at the hands of the accused in future or commission of murder which may be shocking to the conscience. We feel that the facts and circumstances of this case, do not fall in any of such category or the like as indicated above. The accused-respondent had been demanding and asking about the money from the deceased Jagjit Singh, which was sent to him by the respondent from Dubai. It appears that the explanation or excuses which were being given by the deceased did not convince him and the dispute inter-se and mistrust between the two brothers has been widening leading to the heinous crime in which three lives were lost and three other persons were left injured. It is no doubt true that the incident is ghastly and deserves all condemnation, but looking to the principle laid down in numerous decisions of this Court, referred to above the case would not fall in the category of rare of the rarest cases to award extreme penalty of death. The view taken by the High Court does not call for any interference in this appeal.
8. Learned counsel for the appellant then submitted that after a few years the case of the respondent is likely to be considered for his pre-mature release, as he has been in jail for a period of eight years and in the event of the respondent coming out, it will endanger the life of Gurmeet Kaur, the daughter of Jagjit Singh, who was injured in the incident. We fail to appreciate the argument. Pre-mature release is considered on the material facts and circumstances prevailing at the relevant time of release. Report of the concerned officers is also called for and it is after consideration of all the material that necessary decision is taken in the matter, therefore, in our view this ground advanced by the learned counsel of the appellant has no force and respondent would not loose his right of being considered for pre-mature release, which matter indeed may have to be considered at the appropriate time in the light of the facts and circumstances then found prevailing. There cannot be any presumption about release or non-release of a prisoner. It would not be a valid consideration to inflict the extreme penalty.
9. The next contention raised by the learned counsel for the appellant is that the surviving victim namely the daughter of Jagjit Singh may be awarded some compensation under Section 357(3) of the Code of Criminal Procedure. In support of his submission he has also referred to a decision of this Court in [Criminal Appeal Nos. 767-769 of 2001] Rachhpal Singh & Anr. Vs. State of Punjab decided on July 23, 2002. In the said case this Court allowed compensation under Sub-section (3) of Section 357 Cr.P.C. to the victims but it would not applicable in the present case since a sentence of fine has also been imposed. A reading of Sub-section (3) of Section 357 would show that question of award of compensation would arise where the Court imposes a sentence of which fine does not form apart of it. The decision in Rachhpal Singh (Supra) does not take any contrary view nor holds that compensation may be awarded over and above the sentence of fine. A perusal of Sub-section (3) of Section 357 Cr.P.C. would make the position clear.
The provision reads as under :
"357. Order to pay compensation-(3) When a Court imposes a sentence, of which fine does not form a part, Court may, when passing judgment, order the accused person to pay, by way of compensation, such amount as may be specified in the order to the person who has suffered any loss or injury by reason of the act for which the accused person has been so sentenced."
10. In the present case sentence of fine has also been imposed, as indicated in the earlier part of this judgment. Out of the fine, a sum of Rs.1000/- each had been ordered to be given to the three injured persons namely Dalip Singh, Amarjit Kaur and Gurmeet Kaur. The balance amount is to go to the legal heirs of Jagjit Singh. We had heard the learned counsels for both parties on this aspect. Learned counsel for the appellant submitted that Gurmeet Kaur lost both her parents as well as her brother in the incident and now she is alone and would have become of marriageable age or may have to start some work of her own. She would need some money. In case she cannot be compensated, the amount of fine may be enhanced to some extent. Learned counsel for the respondent has, however, submitted that out of seven acres of land belonging to his father, same has been divided into three equal shares and some of it is also under mortgage and he has got two daughters and a son and his wife. He has also submitted that whenever respondent was released on parole he met Gurmeet Kaur and his wife also keeps on going to meet her. Their relations are normal and cordial. If that is so, nothing better can be thought of in the prevailing circumstances. However, we are not considering for awarding any compensation to Gurmeet Kaur under Section 357(3) Cr.P.C. but the amount of fine imposed, can in any case be reasonably enhanced.
11. Therefore, while declining to impose penalty of death in place of imprisonment of life on respondent-Gurmej Singh as prayed on behalf of the appellant-the State of Punjab and dismissing their appeal and upholding sentence of life imprisonment on all three counts under Section 302 IPC, enhance the amount of fine from Rs. 5000/- to Rs. 20000/- on each count. Besides the amount payable as per the directions of the Trial Court, the enhanced amount of fine shall also be paid to Gurmeet Kaur, daughter of Jagjit Singh. We also modify sentence of imprisonment in default of payment of fine and enhance it to two years rigorous imprisonment in default of payment of fine on each count.
12. Subject to the modifications indicated in the preceding paragraph, the appeal fails and it is accordingly dismissed.
(N.K.R.) Appeal dismissed with modification.
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Parallel Citations of other Journals :
State of Punjab v. Gurmej Singh, 2002(5) Supreme 506 : 2002(6) JT 299 : (2002) 6 SCC 663 : 2002 Crl.L.R. (SC) 668 : AIR 2002 SC 2811 : 2002 SCC (Crl.) 1460 : 2002 Crl.L.J. 3741 : 2002(4) Crimes 11 : 2002(3) SCJ 697 : 2002(4) All.Crl.L.R. 294 : 2002(2) Marri.L.J. 729
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