2002 JTR(SC) 1273
2003 2 ICC 372 ; 2003 1 PLJ 44 ; 2003 1 PLR(SC) 639 ; 2003 1 RCR(Civ) 439 ; 2002 9 Scale 713 ; 2003 2 SCC 628 ; 2002 SCR 568 ; 2003 KHC 868 ; 2003 1 Supreme 330
2003(1) Supreme 330
SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
(From Punjab & Haryana High Court)
Doraiswamy Raju and Shivaraj V. Patil, JJ.
Sunil Kumar Rana -Appellant
versus
State of Haryana & Ors. -Respondents
Civil Appeal No. 8599 of 2002
(Arising out of SLP (C) No. 2990 of 2002)
Decided on 19-12-2002
Counsel for the Parties :
For the Appellant : Panna Lal Syngal and R.C. Kohli, Advocates.
For the Respondents : Adityha Kumar Choudhary, Neeraj Jain, Bharat Singh, Sanjay Singh, Ugra Shankar Pd., Praveen K. Rai and Ranbir Singh Yadav, Advocates.
IMPORTANT POINT
High Court could not be said to have erred in the construction that the disqualification under Section 13A(1)(c) proviso of Haryana Municipal Act, 1973 will operate after 5-4-1995. On the expiry of the period of one year from 5-4-94, the date of coming into force of the Haryana Amendment Act No. 3 of 1994.
Act Referred :HARYANA MUNICIPAL ACT : ., S.13(a)(1)(c), S.13(a)(1)(c)
(A) The Haryana Municipal Act, 1973, as amended by the Haryana Municipal (Amendment) Act, 1994 (Act No. 15 of 1994), governs disqualifications for membership in municipal bodies. Section 13A(c) originally provided that a person is disqualified if they have more than two living children, subject to a proviso stating that a person having more than two children on or after the expiry of one year of the commencement of the Act shall not be deemed to be disqualified. The amendment (Act No. 15 of 1994) substituted the word 'after' with 'upto' in the proviso, clarifying that the one-year period for avoiding disqualification runs from the commencement of the original Act (Act No. 3 of 1994), not the amendment Act. This construction prevents absurdity and aligns with the legislative intent to regulate family size for municipal representation while allowing a reasonable gestation period from the Act's commencement.
(B) The core legal principles include that the right to contest municipal elections is a statutory creature, not a constitutional right; purposive construction is required to interpret penal provisions affecting political rights; and legislative amendments must be interpreted to avoid repugnancy, absurdity, and uncertainty. The period for determining disqualification is tied to the commencement of the original Act, and a later amendment clarifying wording does not alter the original timeline.
Facts of the case:
The appellant filed his nomination for a municipal council election in Karnal in March 2000. His nomination was rejected following a revision by the Deputy Commissioner, based on the disqualification under Section 13A(c) due to him having four children, two of whom were born after the enactment of the Amendment Act. The appellant challenged the rejection before the High Court, arguing that the relevant date for determining the one-year period should be the commencement of the Amendment Act, not the original Act. The High Court rejected this argument, holding that the disqualification period commenced from the commencement of the original Act.
Findings of Court:
The High Court correctly interpreted the amended Section 13A, recognizing that the substitution of 'upto' for 'after' was aimed at preventing anomalies and fulfilling legislative intent. The court held that the one-year period for avoiding disqualification must be computed from the commencement of the original Act (Act No. 3 of 1994), and the appellants nomination was properly rejected.
Issues:
Whether the one-year period for determining disqualification under Section 13A(c) should be calculated from the commencement of the original Act or the amendment Act; whether the High Courts interpretation of the statutory provision was correct.
Ratio Decidendi:
The substitution of 'upto' for 'after' in the proviso was a purposive correction to prevent absurdity and ensure the legislative intent is fulfilled; the one-year period for avoiding disqualification runs from the commencement of the original Act, and this interpretation must be upheld to avoid uncertainty and repugnancy.
Result:
The appeal is dismissed with no costs.
(A) The Haryana Municipal Act, 1973, as amended by the Haryana Municipal (Amendment) Act, 1994 (Act No. 15 of 1994), governs disqualifications for membership in municipal bodies. Section 13A(c) originally provided that a person is disqualified if they have more than two living children, subject to a proviso stating that a person having more than two children on or after the expiry of one year of the commencement of the Act shall not be deemed to be disqualified. The amendment (Act No. 15 of 1994) substituted the word 'after' with 'upto' in the proviso, clarifying that the one-year period for avoiding disqualification runs from the commencement of the original Act (Act No. 3 of 1994), not the amendment Act. This construction prevents absurdity and aligns with the legislative intent to regulate family size for municipal representation while allowing a reasonable gestation period from the Act's commencement.
(B) The core legal principles include that the right to contest municipal elections is a statutory creature, not a constitutional right; purposive construction is required to interpret penal provisions affecting political rights; and legislative amendments must be interpreted to avoid repugnancy, absurdity, and uncertainty. The period for determining disqualification is tied to the commencement of the original Act, and a later amendment clarifying wording does not alter the original timeline.
Facts of the case:
The appellant filed his nomination for a municipal council election in Karnal in March 2000. His nomination was rejected following a revision by the Deputy Commissioner, based on the disqualification under Section 13A(c) due to him having four children, two of whom were born after the enactment of the Amendment Act. The appellant challenged the rejection before the High Court, arguing that the relevant date for determining the one-year period should be the commencement of the Amendment Act, not the original Act. The High Court rejected this argument, holding that the disqualification period commenced from the commencement of the original Act.
Findings of Court:
The High Court correctly interpreted the amended Section 13A, recognizing that the substitution of 'upto' for 'after' was aimed at preventing anomalies and fulfilling legislative intent. The court held that the one-year period for avoiding disqualification must be computed from the commencement of the original Act (Act No. 3 of 1994), and the appellants nomination was properly rejected.
Issues:
Whether the one-year period for determining disqualification under Section 13A(c) should be calculated from the commencement of the original Act or the amendment Act; whether the High Courts interpretation of the statutory provision was correct.
Ratio Decidendi:
The substitution of 'upto' for 'after' in the proviso was a purposive correction to prevent absurdity and ensure the legislative intent is fulfilled; the one-year period for avoiding disqualification runs from the commencement of the original Act, and this interpretation must be upheld to avoid uncertainty and repugnancy.
Result:
The appeal is dismissed with no costs.
JUDGMENT
D. Raju, J.-Special leave granted.
2. The appellant filed his nomination on 7-3-2000 for contesting the election to the Municipal Council, Karnal, as a member from Ward No. 31. After overruling the objections of another candidate (5th respondent) the Returning Officer accepted the same. The 5th respondent filed a revision challenging the acceptance of the nomination before the Deputy Commissioner, Karnal, and by an order dated 11-3-2000, the revision was allowed and the nomination paper of the appellant was ordered to be rejected. The appellant filed C.W.P. No. 3141 of 2000 before the High Court of Punjab and Haryana on 14-3-2000. While the said Writ Petition was pending, the elections were held on 2.4.2000 and the 5th respondent was elected as the member of the Municipal Council from Ward No. 31. As a result of the same, on 7.4.2000 the Haryana State Election Commission notified the results. In view of the said subsequent development, the relief prayed for in the Writ Petition was also sought to be modified. Finally, by an order dated 31-10-2001, the Division Bench of the High Court dismissed the Writ Petition holding that the nomination paper of the appellant was rightly ordered to be rejected.
3. The factual basis, which provided the ground for his disqualification and consequent rejection of the nomination, is that at the time of filing his nomination, the respondent had four children and that of the said four children, two were born after the coming into force of the Haryana Municipal (Amendment) Act, 1994 (Haryana Act No. 15 of 1994) the actual date of birth of them, twins being 11-5-1995, as per the municipal records. The stand of the appellant was and even now before us is that the relevant date for determining the disqualification is the coming into force of the Haryana Municipal (Amendment) Act, 1994 - (Haryana Act No. 15 of 1994) viz., 4.10.1994, the date of publication of the Amendment Act in the Government Gazette and not 5.4.1994, the date of coming into force of the Haryana Municipal (Amendment) Act, 1994 (Haryana Act No. 3 of 1994). The High Court was of the view that the disqualification will operate after 5.4.1995 - on the expiry of the period of one year from 5.4.1994, the date of coming into force of the Amendment Act No. 3 of 1994. Per contra, the claim of the appellant was that the disqualification will be attracted only after 4-10-95 the expiry of one year from the date of coming into force of the Amendment Act No. 15 of 1994.
4. Heard the learned counsel appearing on either side. To have a proper appreciation of the respective contentions of the parties on either side, it becomes necessary to refer to the relevant provisions of the Act. The Haryana Municipal, 1973 (Haryana Act 24 of 1973) as it originally stood prior to the amendments in question did not provide for any such disqualification. It is only for the first time by the Haryana Act, 3 of 1994, Section 13A came to be inserted, which so far as is relevant for this case, reads as follows:
"13A. Disqualifications for membership. (1) A person shall be disqualified for being chosen as and for being a member of a municipality-
(a) ....................................
(b) ....................................
(c) If he has more than two living children:
Provided that a person having more than two children on or after the expiry of one year of the commencement of this Act shall not be deemed to be disqualified."
..............................................
5. Thereafter, by Haryana Act No. 15 of 1994 clause (c) of Sub-Section (1) of Section 13A was amended, as mentioned below:
"2. Amendment of Section 13A of Haryana Act 24 of 1973-In the Proviso to Clause (c) of Sub-Section (1) of Section 13A of the Haryana Municipal Act, 1973, (hereinafter called the Principal Act), for the word "after", the word "upto" shall be substituted."
6. It is the effect of this amendment that really calls for consideration, in this appeal.
7. On a careful consideration of the relevant statutory provisions and the submissions of the learned counsel on either side, we are of the view that the High Court could not be said to have erred in the construction adopted, which not only accord with the intention of the legislature but avoid uncertainty and friction as well repugnance, which otherwise would result in accepting the stand of the appellant. The main part of clause (c) of sub-section (1) of Section 13A in unmistakable terms introduced a disqualification for being chosen as and for being a member of the Municipality of a person who has more than two living children. The mandate of the legislature is clear and specific and purports to be in public interest. At the same time, in order to protect, apparently cases where child could have by then conceived a reasonable period to relax from the rigour of the disqualification seem to have been thought of and keeping in view perhaps the normal gestation period, a proviso in the form of a deeming clause also appear to have been enacted enjoining at the same time that "a person having more than two children on or after the expiry of one year of the commencement of this Act, shall not be deemed to be disqualified". [Emphasis supplied]
8. The legislative intent thus to compute the period of one year from the "commencement of this Act" meaning thereby Haryana Act No. 3 of 1994 is equally explicit and clear. There is, therefore, no rhyme or reason or justification in the claim on behalf of the appellant that the one year period has to be calculated from the date of coming into force of the Haryana Act No. 15 of 1994, which merely substituted the word "after" by the word "upto". The result of substitution, as we could see, was to read the provision as amended by the word, ordered to be substituted. The legislature seem to have realized the need for substitution on becoming aware of the anomalies and absurdities to which the provision without such substitution may lead to, even resulting, at times, in repugnancy with the main provision and virtually defeating the intention of the legislature. The modification of the provision, as carried out by the substitution ordered, when found to be needed and necessitated to implement effectively the legislative intention and to prevent a social mischief against which the provision is directed, a purposive construction is a must and the only inevitable solution. The right to contest to an office of member of a municipal body is the creature of statute and not a constitutional or fundamental right. Viewed, thus also, we are convinced that the interpretation placed by the High Court on the provisions concerned is neither arbitrary, or unreasonable or unjust to call for our interference.
9. The appeal consequently fails and shall stand dismissed. No costs.
(N.K.R.) Appeal dismissed.
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Parallel Citations of other Journals ;
Sunil Kumar Rana v. State of Haryana & Ors., 2003(1) Supreme 330 : (2003) 2 SCC 628 : 2003(1) Land LR 468 : 2003(1) UJ (SC) 354 : 2003(2) SCR 321.
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