1990 JTR(SC) 93
1990 AIR(SC) 1188 ; 1990 1 AWC 488 ; 1990 CriLR 246 ; 1990 2 Crimes(SC) 97 ; 1990 CrLJ 1202 ; 1990 1 CurLJ 579 ; 1990 1 JT 303 ; 1990 2 PLJR(SC) 7 ; 1990 1 RCR(Cri) 547 ; 1990 1 Scale 243 ; 1990 2 SCC 385 ; 1990 SCC(Cri) 323 ; 1990 1 SCC(Cri) 323 ; 1990 1 SCR 512 ; 1990 KHC 788
SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
B.C. RAY AND A.M. AHMADI, JJ.
Sahab Singh and others, Appellants
Versus
State of Haryana, Respondent.
Criminal Appeal no. 104 of 1990 (arising out of S.L.P. (Cri.) No. 1510 of 1988), D/- 20-2-1990.
Advocates appeared :
Mr. B. S. Malik, Advocate, for Appellants; Mr. Mahabir Singh, Advocate, for Respondent.
Act Referred :CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE : S.386, S.377, S.401, S.397, S.374
(A) The appeal is governed by the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. Section 374 confers powers on appellate courts to hear appeals against conviction or sentence from Sessions Judges. Section 377 provides that where the State Government appeals against a sentence on the ground of inadequacy, the High Court must give the accused a reasonable opportunity to show cause against enhancement. Section 378 relates to appeals against acquittal, Section 386 enumerates appellate powers including the restriction that sentence cannot be enhanced without such opportunity, and Sections 397 and 401 confer revisional powers on the High Court, with Section 401(2) mandating that no order prejudicial to the accused be made without hearing the accused. Here, the convicts filed appeals under Section 374(2) against enhancement of fine under Section 302/149, while the State did not file an appeal under Section 377(1), and the High Court neither exercised suo motu revisional powers under Section 397 read with Section 401 nor gave notice and hearing to the convicts on the question of enhancement, rendering the enhancement without jurisdiction.
(B) Key principles: (i) Appellate courts cannot enhance sentences unless the accused has had a reasonable opportunity to show cause; (ii) The State alone can appeal against inadequacy of sentence under Section 377; (iii) High Courts suo motu revisional powers under Section 397/401 are also constrained by the hearing requirement under Section 401(2); (iv) Enhancement of fine in an appeal filed by the accused is impermissible if not preceded by such opportunity.
Facts of the case:
Seven appellants were convicted by the Additional Sessions Judge, Sonepat, on three counts under Sections 148, 323/149, and 302/149 of the IPC, with sentences including rigorous imprisonment, and life imprisonment with a fine of Rs. 200. The appellants preferred an appeal against the conviction and sentence. The High Court dismissed the appeal but enhanced the fine under Section 302/149 from Rs. 200 to Rs. 5,000 per count, totaling Rs. 30,000 per appellant, without any appeal by the State Government or any notice to the appellants on enhancement.
Findings of Court:
The High Court acted without jurisdiction by enhancing the fine in the appellants limited appeal, as no appeal had been filed by the State against the sentence, and the appellants were not given an opportunity to show cause against the enhancement as required under Sections 377, 386, and 401 of the Code.
Issues:
Whether the High Court had jurisdiction to enhance the fine in the appellants appeal when the State had not filed an appeal against the sentence and when the appellants were not given an opportunity to show cause against enhancement.
Ratio Decidendi:
The High Court cannot enhance a sentence in an appeal filed by the accused unless the accused has been given a reasonable opportunity to show cause against such enhancement; enhancement without such notice and hearing is a jurisdictional error and void.
Result:
The appeal is allowed, the High Courts order enhancing the fine is set aside, and the original sentence imposed by the Trial Court under Section 302/149 is restored.
(A) The appeal is governed by the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. Section 374 confers powers on appellate courts to hear appeals against conviction or sentence from Sessions Judges. Section 377 provides that where the State Government appeals against a sentence on the ground of inadequacy, the High Court must give the accused a reasonable opportunity to show cause against enhancement. Section 378 relates to appeals against acquittal, Section 386 enumerates appellate powers including the restriction that sentence cannot be enhanced without such opportunity, and Sections 397 and 401 confer revisional powers on the High Court, with Section 401(2) mandating that no order prejudicial to the accused be made without hearing the accused. Here, the convicts filed appeals under Section 374(2) against enhancement of fine under Section 302/149, while the State did not file an appeal under Section 377(1), and the High Court neither exercised suo motu revisional powers under Section 397 read with Section 401 nor gave notice and hearing to the convicts on the question of enhancement, rendering the enhancement without jurisdiction.
(B) Key principles: (i) Appellate courts cannot enhance sentences unless the accused has had a reasonable opportunity to show cause; (ii) The State alone can appeal against inadequacy of sentence under Section 377; (iii) High Courts suo motu revisional powers under Section 397/401 are also constrained by the hearing requirement under Section 401(2); (iv) Enhancement of fine in an appeal filed by the accused is impermissible if not preceded by such opportunity.
Facts of the case:
Seven appellants were convicted by the Additional Sessions Judge, Sonepat, on three counts under Sections 148, 323/149, and 302/149 of the IPC, with sentences including rigorous imprisonment, and life imprisonment with a fine of Rs. 200. The appellants preferred an appeal against the conviction and sentence. The High Court dismissed the appeal but enhanced the fine under Section 302/149 from Rs. 200 to Rs. 5,000 per count, totaling Rs. 30,000 per appellant, without any appeal by the State Government or any notice to the appellants on enhancement.
Findings of Court:
The High Court acted without jurisdiction by enhancing the fine in the appellants limited appeal, as no appeal had been filed by the State against the sentence, and the appellants were not given an opportunity to show cause against the enhancement as required under Sections 377, 386, and 401 of the Code.
Issues:
Whether the High Court had jurisdiction to enhance the fine in the appellants appeal when the State had not filed an appeal against the sentence and when the appellants were not given an opportunity to show cause against enhancement.
Ratio Decidendi:
The High Court cannot enhance a sentence in an appeal filed by the accused unless the accused has been given a reasonable opportunity to show cause against such enhancement; enhancement without such notice and hearing is a jurisdictional error and void.
Result:
The appeal is allowed, the High Courts order enhancing the fine is set aside, and the original sentence imposed by the Trial Court under Section 302/149 is restored.
B.S.MALIK, Mahabir Singh
JUDGMENT
AHMADI, J.:- Special leave granted.
2. The seven appellants before us were convicted by the learned Additional Sessions Judge, Sonepat on three counts and sentenced as under :
(a) rigorous imprisonment for one year under S. 148, I.P.C.;
(b) rigorous imprisonment for six months under S. 323/149, I.P.C.; and
(c) imprisonment for life and a fine of Rs. 200/- under S. 302/149, I.P.C.
All the said substantive sentences were directed to run concurrently.
3. The seven appellants preferred an appeal against the order of conviction and sentence passed by the learned Trial Judge. The High Court while dismissing their appeal clarified that their convictions were on six counts and altered the fine awarded under S.302/149, I. P. C. from Rs. 200/- to Rs.5,000/- in respect of each appellant per count, i.e. Rs. 30,000/- per appellant. Being aggrieved by this enhancement of fine the appellants have preferred this appeal limited to the question of this enhancement only.
4. Section 374 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (the Code hereinafter) provides for appeals from conviction by a Sessions Judge or an Additional Sessions Judge to the High Court. Section 377 entitles the State Government to direct the Public Prosecutor to present an appeal to the High Court against the sentence on the ground of its inadequacy. Sub-section (3) of S. 377 says that when an appeal has been filed against the sentence on the ground of its inadequacy, the High Court shall not enhance the sentence except after giving to the accused a reasonable opportunity of showing cause against such enhancement and while showing cause the accused may plead for his acquittal or for the reduction of the sentence. Admittedly no appeal was preferred by the State Government against the sentence imposed by the High Court on the conviction of the appellants under S.302/149, I.P.C. Section 378 provides for an appeal against an order of acquittal. Sec. 386 enumerates the powers of the appellate court. The first proviso to that section states that the sentence shall not be enhanced unless the accused has had an opportunity of showing cause against such enhancement. Section 397 confers revisional powers on the High Court as well as the Sessions Court. It, inter alia, provides that the High Court may call for and examine the record of any proceeding before any inferior criminal court situate within its jurisdiction for the purposes of satisfying itself as to the correctness, legality or propriety of any finding, sentence or order recorded or passed and as to the regularity of any proceedings of any inferior court. Section 401 further provides that in the case of any proceedings, the record of which has been called for by itself or which otherwise comes to its knowledge, the High Court may, in its discretion, exercise any of the powers conferred on a Court of appeal by Ss. 386, 389, 390 and 391 of the Code. Sub-section (2) of S. 401 provides that no order under this Section shall be made to the prejudice of the accused or other person unless he has had an opportunity of being heard either personally or by pleader in his own defence. Sub-section (4) next provides that where under this Code an appeal lies and no appeal is brought, no proceeding by way of revision shall be entertained at the instance of the party who could have appealed. It is clear from a conjoint reading of Ss. 377, 386, 397 and 401 that if the State Government is aggrieved about the inadequacy of the sentence it can prefer an appeal under S. 377(1) of the Code. The failure on the part of the State Government to prefer an appeal does not, however, preclude the High Court from exercising suo motu power of revision under S. 397 read with S. 401 of the Code since the High Court itself is empowered to call for the record of the proceeding of any court subordinate to it. Sub-section (4) of S. 401 operates as a bar to the party which has a right to prefer an appeal but has failed to do so but that sub-section cannot stand in the way of the High Court exercising revisional jurisdiction suo motu. But before the High Court exercises its suo motu revisional jurisdiction to enhance the sentence, it is imperative that the convict is put on notice and is given an opportunity of being heard on the question of sentence either in person or through his advocate. The revisional jurisdiction cannot be exercised to the prejudice of the convict without putting him on guard that it is proposed to enhance the sentence imposed by the Trial Court.
5. Now, in the present case the appeal was filed under S. 374(2) of the Code by the convicts against the order passed by the Additional Sessions Judge. No appeal was filed by the State under S. 377(l) of the Code against the sentence awarded by the trial Court for the offence under S. 302/ 149, I.P.C. on the ground of its inadequacy. Nor did the High Court exercise suo motu revisional powers under S. 397 read with S. 401 of the Code. If the High Court was minded to enhance the sentence the proper course was to exercise suo motu powers under S. 397 read with S. 401 of the Code by issuing notice of enhancement and hearing the convicts on the question of inadequacy of sentence. Without following such procedure it was not open to the High Court in the appeal filed by the convicts to enhance the sentence by enhancing the fine. The High Court clearly acted without jurisdiction. For the above reasons we are clearly of the opinion that the appeal must succeed.
6. In the result we allow this appeal and set aside the order of the High Court insofar as it enhance the sentences by enhancing the fine from Rs. 200/- to Rs. 5,000/- per count per appellant. In other words we restore the order of sentence passed by the Trial Court under S. 302/149, I. P.C. The additional fine, if paid, will be refunded.
Appeal allowed.
For Citation : AIR 1990 SC 1188